Grammar: Present Perfect Continuous

Terms to remember:

Business Relationship

As businesses expand they may buy shares in other companies, or join with other companies for a particular purpose. There are different relationships these companies can have with one another. A group is a number of subsidiary companies operating under one leading company known as the parent company. A subsidiary is a company that is half or wholly owned by another company (the parent company).

A holding company is one that holds all, or more than half of, the stakes in one or more subsidiaries. It is the leading company in a group.

A holding company’s relationship to its subsidiaries is that of parent company, and the subsidiaries’ relationship to each other is that of sister companies. The parent company controls its subsidiaries through its capital interests.

A conglomerate is a group consisting of a lot of different companies in different businesses run as one large company.

When two or more companies decide to work together, they form a joint venture. In such cases, the two companies involved remain separate legal entities.

A consortium is a group of companies which come together to undertake a project which any one of the members cannot carry out alone.

Exercises in Word Study

Ex.1. Form adjectives from the following verbs:

hold, subside, separate, join, relate, lead, differ, expand, operate, know, decide.

Ex.2. Give the English for:

ділові відносини, розширювати бізнес, купувати акції, об’єднуватися з іншими компаніями, провідна компанія, компанія-засновник, філія, холдингова компанія, акція, сестринська компанія, спільне підприємство, юридична особа, здійснювати проекти.

Ex.3. Match words from list A with words from list B that have a similar meaning:

Ex.4. Find suitable opposites to the following words and phrases:

to shorten, to sell, similar, subsidiary, joint, legal, to leave.

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