Supplement: diet supplement; iron supplement; nutritional supplement; multivitamin supplement

Lozenge: antibiotic lozenges; antiseptic lozenge; throat lozenge; cough lozenge.

Substitution: substitution therapy; find substitution; equal substitution; unequal substitution.

Exercise 3. Write in words (all the words are from the text below) and translate into Ukrainian:

[ˈprəʊtiːn], [ˈsʌlfə], [ˈfɒsfərəs], [pəˈtæsɪəm], [mægˈniːzɪəm], [tɪn], [ˈkrəʊmɪəm], [ˈkopə], [ˈɛnzaɪm], [ˈkɛmɪk^əl], [ˈkælsɪəm], [ˈklɔːriːn], [ˈsəʊdɪəm], [zɪŋk], [ˈaiən], [ˈaɪəˌdiːn]

Exercise 4. Give the missing forms, translate them into Ukrainian, some forms may be the same (you may need a dictionary):

Exercise 5. Read and translate the following word combinations:

Broad range of functions, play a significant role, deliver oxygen, muscle contraction, transmit messages, strengthen each other, work properly, absorb phosphorus and calcium, outside sources, synthetic vitamins, nutritionalsupplements, intestinal bacteria, isolated vitamins, counterpart, take after meals,substitution for a healthy diet, otherwise, gel-capsule form, powder form, lozenge form.

Exercise 6. Read and translate the text:

Minerals

Along with vitamins human body needs a certain amount of minerals, which also have a broad range of functions. There are 20 minerals, which play significant roles in the body. They include copper, iodine, chromium, iron, tin, zinc, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chlorine, phosphorus, calcium, sulfur and others. Zinc is responsible for helping metabolize proteins and keeping enzymes functioning. Copper is needed by enzymes for metabolizing. Iodine assists the thyroid gland in working properly. Calcium and phosphorus build bones and teeth. Iron delivers oxygen to the body’s cells. Potassium helps muscle contraction, maintains the fluid balance of cells, helps transmit messages through the body’s nerves, and keeps the kidneys and heart working correctly.

Vitamins and minerals not only help the body function, but they work to strengthen each other. The body absorbs iron through the help of vitamin C. Vitamin D helps the body absorb phosphorus and calcium. Vitamins D and K are the only vitamins the body can supply for itself. The skin creates vitamin D when it is exposed to sunlight. Vitamin K is produced by intestinal bacteria. Outside sources must supply the body with all other vitamins.

Ideally, all of us would get all of the nutrients we need for optimal health from fresh, healthful foods. In reality, however, this is often difficult, if not impossible. So, our diet does not always contain all essential vitamins and minerals, that is why we have to take synthetic vitamins and nutritional supplements for optimal health.

Vitamin supplements are usually available as isolated vitamins or in combination with other nutrients.They are available in tablet, capsule, gel-capsule, powder, sublingual, lozenge, and liquid forms. Some vitamins can also be administered by injection.

Synthetic vitamins are vitamins produced in laboratories from isolated chemicals that mirror their counterparts found in nature.

It is good to know that all nutritional supplements work best when taken in combination with food and unless specified otherwise, fat-soluble vitamins should be taken before meals, and water-soluble ones should be taken after meals. What is most important, vitamins should not be used as substitutions for a healthy diet, but rather as supplementation.

Exercise 7. Answer the questions:

1. Which minerals play a significant role in human beings?

2. What is zinc responsible for?

3. What is copper needed for?

4. What does iron do in the body?

5. How do vitamins and minerals strengthen and help each other?

6. What vitamin is produced by intestinal bacteria?

7. What is the ideal source of vitamins and minerals?

8. In which case do nutritional supplements work best?

Exercise 8. Find corresponding equivalents in the text:

Зовнішні джерела, у формі гелієвих капсул, доставляти кисень до клітин тіла, бути заміною здорової дієти, підсилювати один одного, приймати після їжі, у формі льодяників, відігравати значну роль, допомагати скороченню м’язів, мати широкий ряд функцій, поглинати фосфор та кальцій, працювати відповідним чином, у формі порошку, якщо не вказано інакше, віддзеркалювати свої дублікати у природі, вживати синтетичні вітаміни, вироблятися кишковими бактеріями, ізольовані вітаміни, харчові добавки.

Exercise 9. Match the words with their definitions:

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