To pay attention

Так как по-русски говорят "обращать внимание на ", то и здесь студент Х без сомнений лепит on ("I didn't pay attention on his words"). А нужно, между тем, to:

They didn't want to pay any attention to our warning.

Проблема состоит в том, что для студента Х русский язык пока полностью загораживает английский. Когда он с трудом переводит на английский язык предложение "Я не обратил внимания на его слова", перед его умственным взором огненными буквами светится "обратил внимание на ". Если бы он хоть немного сосредоточился не на русской фразе, а на соответствующей английской, он ни за что не сделал бы такой грубой ошибки.

Дело в том, что никто никогда не говорит "платить на кого-то" (to pay on). Платят обычно кому (чему), а дательный падеж в английском языке выражается главным образом предлогом to. Если вы не будете забывать о наличии слова to pay в словосочетании "обращать внимание на ", есть надежда, что вы не забудете и to (вместо о n).1

1. В отличие от студента X, студент Y говорит to pay attention at. Он считает, что любой затруднительный предлог в английском языке - непременно at. К несчастью, это не так.

To play

Как правильно:

I play in cards или I play at cards?

He plays on the piano или Не plays at the piano?

Ни то, ни другое. В обоих этих случаях глагол to play не требует предлога.

I play cards.

Не plays (the) piano.

Можете запомнить, что глагол to play требует предлога в тех случаях, где в русском языке стоит предлог " с ": "Она играет с собакой" - She is playing with the dog. Если же в русском языке, как в наших примерах, идет предлог " в " или " на ", то в английском языке вообще никакого предлога ставить не нужно1:

The queen was in the parlor Playing piano for the children of the King.2

They say she plays guitar and cries and sings.3

Unhappy girl Left all alone Playing solitaire. 4

Точно так же to play ведет себя в значении "играть чью-то роль" (играть кого-то):

Now you play the loving woman I'll play the faithful man. 5

1. В первом томе мы не рассматриваем такие экзотические выражения, как "играть на его подсознательных страхах" или "играть в открытую".

2. Cry Baby Cry by The Beatles.

3. Going to California by Led Zeppelin.

4. Unhappy Girl by The Doors.

5. Brilliant Disguise by Bruce Springsteen.

To say

Это трагедия. Все студенты (X, Y, Z, U, V, W...) говорят:

Say me please.

I'll say him.

Who said you this? etc.

Спасти положение может только выучивание и постоянное распевание буквально чего попало (этот глагол встречается часто). Дело в том, что глагол to say непременно требует предлога to:

Oh please say to me you'll let me be your man

and please say to me you'll let me hold your hand.1

Чтобы облегчить вашу жизнь и приблизить вашу речь к человеческой, я советую вам никогда не использовать глагола to say в том случае, если после слова "сказал" вы хотите сразу поставить дополнение, по типу "сказал мне ", "скажите им ", "сказали нам ", "скажем ей ", "скажут ему " и так далее. А используйте в этом случае глагол to tell, который перед дополнением не требует никаких предлогов:

Не told me;

Tell them;

They told us:

Let's tell her:

They're going to tell him; etc.

Tell me why you cried and why you lied to me.2

I could tell the world a thing or two about our love.3

So I'm telling you my friend That I'll get you, I'll get you in the end.4

1. I Want to Hold Your Hand by The Beatles.

2. Tell Me Why by The Beatles.

3. Thank You Girl by The Beatles.

4. I'll Get You by The Beatles.

А глагол to say, наоборот, используйте, когда не указано, кому именно сказали/говорят. В этом случае после глагола to say сразу идет союз "что" (that), который в английском языке опускается в абсолютном большинстве случаев:

You say you'll be mine, girl If I have to go.1

She says you hurt her so, She almost lost her mind. And now she says she knows You're not the hurting kind.2

I'll give you all I got to give If you say you love me too.3

You'd say I'm putting you on But it's no joke, it's doing me harm.4

Тогда вам не придется думать о том, что to say требует предлога to, кроме как в случае некоторых устойчивых словосочетаний, типа to say good-bye to smb - "прощаться с кем-то".

Посмотрите на примеры, в которых оба глагола стоят рядом:

Oh yeah I'll tell you something I think you'll understand Then I'll say that something I wanna hold your hand.5

...when I tell you that I love you You're gonna say you love me too And when I ask you to be mine You're gonna say you love me too.6

Say you don't need no diamond ring And I'll be satisfied Tell me that you want those kinds of thingsThat money just can't buy.7

1. Things We Said Today by The Beatles.

2. She Loves You by The Beatles.

3. Can't Buy Me Love by The Beatles.

4. I'm So Tired by The Beatles.

5. I Want to Hold Your Hand by The Beatles.

6. I Should Have Known Better by The Beatles.

7. Can't Buy Me Love by The Beatles.

To tell

Еще одна трагедия. Никогда не говорите, пожалуйста,

Не told to me.

После глагола to tell сразу идет упоминание о том, кому сказали, безо всяких предлогов. Примеры см. в предыдущем пункте, а также:

'Cause I told you once before good-bye But I came back again.1

I got a whole lot of things to tell her When I get home.2

1. I'll Be Back by The Beatles.

2. When I Get Home by The Beatles.

To wear

Пока этот глагол употребляется в значении "носить (об одежде, украшениях и т. д.)", он не вызывает слишком больших затруднений. "Носить" в русском языке не требует предлогов, поэтому и в английском языке тоже не появляется искушения поставить там что-нибудь лишнее:

I always wear jeans.

Не never wears a tie.

Теперь посмотрим, что произойдет, когда мы поставим этот глагол в PrCont:

I am wearing jeans.

To есть: "в данный момент я нахожусь в процессе ношения джинсов", другими словами, "на мне надеты джинсы", другими словами, "я одет в джинсы". Вот тут-то и начинаются проблемы. В зависимости от того, из какого именно русского предложения мысленно исходит студент X, у него появляются следующие варианты:

Jeans are wearing on me (якобы, " на мне надеты джинсы ")

или

I am wearing in jeans (якобы, " я одет в джинсы ").

Запомните, пожалуйста, что с глаголом to wear никогда не нужно изощряться: в каком бы значении вы его ни употребляли, он всегда останется глаголом, после которого не нужно ставить никаких предлогов:

If you wear red tonight remember what I said tonight for red is the color my baby wore. 1

Two of us wearing raincoats 2 Standing solo in the sun.3

And the banker never wears a mac In the pouring rain - very strange.4

1. Yes It Is by The Beatles.

2. Вы поняли, что это не PrCont? Иначе было бы "Two of us are wearing raincoats." Это предложение с причастным оборотом, которого вы пока не знаете. Не обращайте на него внимания, запомните только, что после wearing сразу идут raincoats, без предлогов.

3. Two of Us by The Beatles.

4. Penny Lane by The Beatles.

Упражнения

Постарайтесь найти ошибки и исправить их.

1. "Help to me!" she screamed. "I need in your help! Help to me to go away from here. to go to home! Help me!"

2. "Look on yourself," he snapped. "You look like as a drunken hooker. If you go in the restaurant with this makeup on, everybody will laugh upon you. And what's more, they'll laugh at me, too."

3. I already said you. I am not going to wait you any longer. If you want to stay home, I'll go to there without you.

4. "She is wearing in a pretty evening gown," his wife said. "When are you going to earn enough to buy for me something like this?"

5. I don't think you are really going to follow his example. I doubt in it. You may not pay attention at my words, but I'm telling to you I'm right.

6. When she comes at home late, they go in bed right away, they don't play in cards, they don't even listen to the radio.

7. "Join to us," he said, smiling charmingly on poor Mrs Robbins. "Follow after your sisters. Give us your money. Someday you're going to need us, and we will help for you."

8. "I ask for you to forget me," he said in a trembling voice. "I know I'll miss about you, and you'll never miss me. Someday, maybe soon, you'll meet with another man, and he will make you happy. Look at me - I have nothing to tell to you."

9. Now he's looking for a job. because he doesn't want to depend of his father any longer. He goes to different places, and everywhere they tell him to come next week.

10. "What happened with your sister?"

"Oh, she wants to get married, but nobody pays attention to her, although she wears all those weird clothes and wild makeup."

"But she looks like a whore."

"Yes, but she thinks she looks tike on a princess. She is waiting for a charming prince, you know."

"Oh, I doubt her chances."

11. "Nothing is going to happen to her," he said reassuringly. "Listen me. She met a nice, decent man, she asked him for help, and he was ready to give to her it. We shouldn't discuss about her behavior now, it's too late, anyway. Let's discuss her future instead."

12. "Where are my papers?" he shouted. "I can't look for after them any more! I can't depend on those lazy morons of servants any longer! My patience is over. 1 can't play these games anymore, I'll go away and join the army!"

The Keys

Стр. 194

Предлоги, которые в первоначальных предложениях стояли правильно, выделены и подчеркнуты. Неправильные предлоги зачеркнуты, и вместо них вставлены жирные правильные или, если глагол не требовал предлога, вставлен жирный восклицательный знак в скобках.

1. "HelpTO(!) me!" she screamed. "I need IN(!)your help! Help TO (!) me to go away from here, to go TO (!) home! Help me! "

2. "Look ON at yourself," he snapped. "You look like AS (!) a drunken hooker. If you go IN to the restaurant with this makeup on, everybody will laugh UPON at you. And what's more. they'll laugh at me, too."

3. I already SAID told you, I am not going to wait for you any longer. If you want to stay home, I'll go TO (!) there without you.

4. "She is wearing IN (!) a pretty evening gown." his wife said. "When are you going to earn enough to buy FOR (!) me something like this?"

5. I don't think you are really going to follow his example. I doubt IN (!) it. You may not pay attention AT to my words, but I'm telling TO (!) you I'm right.

6. When she comes AT (!) home late, they go IN to bed right away. they don't play IN (!) cards, they don't even listen to the radio.

7. "Join TO (!) us," he said, smiling charmingly ON at poor Mrs Robbins. "Follow AFTER (!) your sisters. Give us your money. Someday you're going to need us, and we will help FOR (!) you."

8. "I ask FOR (!) you to forget me." he said in a trembling voice. "I know I'll miss ABOUT (!) you, and you'll never miss me. Someday, maybe soon, you'll meet WITH (!) another man, and he will” make you happy. Look at me —1 have nothing to tell TO (!) you."

9. Now he's looking for a job, because he doesn't want to depend OF on his father any longer. He goes to different places, and everywhere they tell him to come next week.

10. "What happened WITH to your sister?"

"Oh, she wants to get married, but nobody pays attention to her. although she wears all those weird clothes and wild makeup."

" But she looks like a whore."

"yes, but she thinks she looks like ON (!) a princess. She is waiting for a charming prince. you know."

"Oh, I doubt her chances."

11. "Nothing is going to happen to her," he said reassuringly. "Listen to me. She met a nice, decent man, she asked him for help, and he

was ready to GIVE TO HER IT give it to her. We shouldn't discuss ABAUT (!) her behavior now, it's too late, anyway. Let's discuss he

12. "Where are my papers?" he shouted. "I can't look for AFTER them any more! I can't depend on those lazy morons of servants any longer! My patience is over. 1 can't play these games anymore, I'll go away and join the army!"

Упражнения

А теперь сами вставьте предлоги (если нужно).

1. She asked... me... help... her, but 1 didn't pay attention... her request, and only laughed... her.

2. He tells... her he will miss... her, but she doubts... his words.

3. If you listen... me and follow... my advice, nobody is going to laugh... you.

4. They are playing... cards, drinking wine and discussing... their problems at the same time.

5. She looked... his pale face and smiled... him. Then she said, "I am ready to helpf.-you if you really need... my help."

6. "Listen... me," he said. "If you don't want to look... an idiot, you shouldn't join... this organization."

7. I am waiting... her because she promised to come... here.

8. She is looking... her black hat, but she can't find it anywhere. If she doesn't find it. she can't go... the party. Without the hat, she is going to look... a scarecrow.

9. "A strange thing happened... me," he said. "I met... a gypsy girl who told... me all about my fate. I wanted to give... her all my money, but she didn't take it."

10. "I wouldn't like to depend... you." he said coldly. "Although you're wearing... this police uniform, you don't look... a policeman. You don't even look... an honest man. You don't look... trustworthy."

11. I meet... her at the same crossroads everyday. She constantly wears... the same black stockings and red skirt. I think she waits... somebody. But 1 never tried to follow... her.

12. If he absolutely wants to play... violin, I can give... him my own violin. But I doubt... the firmness of his decision. If he needs... something, it's a guitar, not a violin.

Cтp.195

1. —, to, —, to, at. 2. —,—,—.

3. to, —, at.

4. —,—.

5. at, at, —, —.

6. to, like, —.

7. for, —.

8. for, to. like.

9. to, —, —. —.

10. on, —, like, like, —.

11. —, —, for, —.

12. —, —, —, —.

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