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Op2auu3auu: rjjy1i 'K U01iUpOBa1iue,

y npae.1teuue u uoeoeeeaeu usi

1/ Cmpy x;my pa npouaaoacmae11:1tbLX opzauuaatfuii

2/ L{euuocmu npouaaoacmaeuubLX opzauuaatfuii

3/ P0.11.b uetjiop.Ma.11.bUbLX zpynn 6 aeRmMbUOcmu opzauu3a1fUU

4/ IIouRmue ynpaMeUUR, tjiop.MbL ynpaMeU"LeCKOU aeRmMbUOcmu

5 / CmU.11.b pyx;oaoacmaa npouaaoacmaeuuoii opzauuaalfueii

6/ MemoabL 01f eU1CU aeRmMbUOcmu pyx;oaoaumMeU

7/ MuuoeatfUOUUbLU npo14ecc: amanbL, cmpamezuu u npo6.11.e.MbL

 

Bnpe,n;bI,D;yx TeMax 6bIJIH npoaHaJI11a11poBaHbICOI..\HaJibHbie opraH11aa­ I..\HH KaK oco6blH THII o6HOCTH JIIO,n;e:H. B CBR3H c 3THM 6bIJIH BbIRBJieHbl

Ha1160Jiee o6e 3aKOHOMepHOCTH HX cpopMHpOBaHHR H cpyHKI..\HOHHpo­ BaHHR. IJ;eJiblO 3TOH TeMbl RBJIReTCR CTpeMJieHHe pacKpblTb oco6eHHOCTH CTPYKTYPbI 11 cf>YHKI..\HOH11poBaHHR o,n;How H3 caMbIX pacnpocTpaHeHHbIX cpopM co1.µ1aJibHOH opraHH3al..\HH -npoH3Bop;cTeeuuLIX HJIH Tpyp;oBLIX opraHH3a.

 

1

Cmpyx;my pa npouaaoacmaeuubLX opzauuaatfuii

Cnel..\HcpHKa npOH3BO,ll;CTBeHHbl X opraHH3al..\HH COCTOHT B TOM, 'iTO OHH C03,ll;alOTCR KaKHMH-TO,n;pyrHMH, 6oJiee urnpOKHMH COI..\HaJibHbIMH opra­ HH3al..\HRMH HJIH JIH'iHOCTRMH,ll;JIR,ll;OCTH:>KeHHR KaKHX-JIH6o I..\eJieH (npo­

H3BO,ll;CTBa MaTep11aJibHOH npo,n;yKI..\HH, H3BJie'ieHHR npH6bIJIH HT.,n;.). 3a­

,n;aBaeMaR HMH H3BHe I..\eJib no CBOeMy co,n;epmaHHIO He CBR3aHa c Heno­ cpe,n;CTBeHHbl MH I..\eJIRMH ee qJieHOB. qJieHCTBO B 3THX opraHH3al..\HRX

o6ecne'iHBaeT cpe,n;CTBa K cyeCTBOBaHHIO. c3TOH TO'iKH 3peHHR npOH3-

BO,ll;CTBeHHble opraHH3al..\HH MoryT 6bITb OTHeceHbl K THny cpopMaJibHblX opraH11aa1.µ1:H.

IlpOH3BO,ll;CTBeHHaR opraHH3al..\HR KaK cpopMaJibHaR opraHH3a­

I..\HR MO:>KeT 6bITb OIIHCaHa B BH,n;e CHCTeMbl yaaKOHeHHbl X 6e3JIH'iHblX Tpe6oBaHHH H CTaH,n;a pTOB IIOBe,n;eHHR, cpopMaJibHO aa,n;aHHbIX H mecT­ KO 3aKpenJieHHblX poJieBblX npe,n;IIHCaHHH. 0Ha npe,n;cTaBJIReT co6o:H IIHpaMH,n;y, ropH30HTaJibHblH cpe3 KOTopo:H xapaKTep11ayeT CHCTeMy Tpe6oBaHHH cpyHKI..\HOHaJibHOrO paa,n;eJieHHR Tpy,n;a, a BepTHKaJibHblH

-OTHOWeHHR BJiaCTH H cy6op,n;11Hal..\HH. TaK, HYHH pa6oTy qeJIOBeK BOJieH aaHRTb Jiro6oe MecTo, ecJIH ecTb BaKaHCHR. Ho, no,n;aB aaRBJieH11e H 3aHRB onpe,n;eJieHHYIO,ll;OJI:IKHOCTb, OH yme yTpa'iHBaeT KaKylO-TO


CTeneHb CB060,n;bI J1.n;oJimeH nocTynaTb J1.n;e:i1:CTBOBaTb TaK, KaK eMy npe.n;nHCbIBaeT HHCTPYKQHH.,UeJIOBbie KOHTaKTbI Ha npe.n;npHHTHH B 3Ha"IHTeJibHOH Mepe CTaH.n;apTH3HpOBaHbl J1 o6e3JIH'ieHbl. Jho.n;H CMe­ HHIOT.n;pyr.n;pyra, HO pOJIH, KOTOpbie OHH BbIIIOJIHHJIH, OCTalOTCH.

<l>opMaJibHaH opraHH3aQHH MOmeT 6b1Tb TaKme OIIHCaHa B BH,n;e CHC­ TeMbl no.n;pa3.n;eJieHH:i1:, rpynn H pa6oq11x MecT. Pa6oqee MeCTO OT,n;eJibHOro pa6oTHHKa HOT,n;eJibHOro CTpyKTypHoro no.n;pa3,n;eJieHHH JierKO onpe.n;eJIHeT­ CH n03HQHHMH, KOTOpbie OHH 3aHHMalOT B ropH30HTaJibHOM J1 BepTHKaJibHOM cpe3ax. BnepBOM CJIY'iae TaKaH no3HQHH Ha3bmaeTcncpymu eii,BO BTopoM

-cTarycoM.TaK, n03HQHH MaCTepa crpoHTeJibHOro yqacTKa BKJIIO'iaeT B ce- 6n cpa3y,n;Ba COCTOHHHH -CTaTyc pa6oTHHKa (MaCTep-yrrpaBJieHeQ) J1 ero cpyHKQHOHaJibHYIO npHHa,n;JiemHOCTb (HanpHMep, OT,n;eJI KanHTaJibHOro CTpOHTeJibCTBa).TaKHM o6pa30M, npOH3BO,ll;CTBeHHble opraHH3aQHH, KaK J1

.n;pyrtte COQHaJibHbie opraHH3aQHH, HMelOT YCTOH"IHBYIQ CTpyKTYPY' 06ecne­ "IHBa10m;y10 HX QeJIOCTHOCTb J1 caMOTom.n;ecTBeHHOCTb. yCTOH'iHBOCTb

CTPYKTYPbI, npem.n;e Bcero, 06ecne"IHBaeTCH cneq11cpH"leCKHMH BHYTPHOp­ raHH3aQHOHHbIM HOTHOIIleHIDIMH,06Jia.n;a10m;HMJ1o6H3aTeJibHbIM, npHHY­

TeJibHblM J1 npe.n;cKa3yeMblM xapaKTepoM: HOpMaMH npaBa, perJiaMeHTOM

.n;eHTeJibHOCTH, yrrpaBJieH"!eCKHMH pemeHHHMH,.n;oroBopaMH J1 QeHHOCTHMH. 3TH 3JieMeHTbI KYJibTypbl opraHH3aQH:i1: nporpaMMHpyIDT noBe,n;eHHe JI10,n;e:i1: OTHOCHTeJibHO.n;pyr.n;pyra J1 OKpyma10m;HX npe,n;MeTOB. 3JieMeHTbl CTpyKTy­ pbl coe,n;MHJJIOTCH Mem.n;y co6o:i1: c TaKHM pac"!eTOM, 'IT06b1opraHH3aQHH 3cp­ cpeKTHBHO pemaJia nocTaBJieHHbie nepe.n; He:i1: 3a.n;a"IH.

CTpyKTypa npou:3BOCTBeHm.IX oprauu:3au:H -3TO npocTpaHCT­ BeHHo-BpeMeHHOe o6pa3oBaHHe. Ee 3JieMeHTbIpacnpe.n;eJieHbI B opraHH3a­ QHOHHOM npocTpaHCTBe. TonorpacpHH opraHH3aQHOHHoro npocTpaHCTBa no.n;pa3YMeBaeT qeTbipe THna pa3,n;eJieHHH: 1) reorpacpH"lecKoe pacnpe.n;e­ JieHHe pa60THHKOB no QeXaM, OT.n;eJiaM J1T..n;.,noMem;eHHR KOTOpbIX OT.n;eJie­ Hbl.n;pyroT.n;pyra; 2) cpyHKQHOHaJibHOe- KaMeHm;HK, HOpMHpOBI.l.l;HK MO pa3Mem;aTbCH B O,ll;HOM reorpacp11qecKOM npocTpaHCTBe, HO cl>YHKQHOHaJib­ HO OHH pa3.n;eJieHbl H, CJie,n;oBaTeJibHO, y HHX pa3Hble poJIH J1 HHTepeCbI;

3) CTaTyCHOe -pacnpe.n;eJieHHe no no3HQHHM, MeCTY B COQHaJibHOH rpyn­

.ne: pa6oq11e, cJiymam;He, ynpaBJieHQbI qam;e 06m;a10TCH Mem.n;y co6o:i1:, He­ CMOTpH Ha TO, "!TO OHH MOrYT pacnoJiaraTbCH B pa3HbIX noMem;eHHHX, 60Jib­ IIle.n;oBepHIOT.n;pyr.n;pyry; 4) HepapXH'ieCKOe -no MeCTY B ynpaBJieHHH opraHH3aQHe:i1:. HopMbI cpopMaJibHOH CTPYKTYPbI npe.n;nHCbIBalOT o6pa­ m;aTbCH 3a peweHHeM Bonpoca K Henocpe,n;CTBeHHOMY HaqaJibHHKy, a He qepe3 ero «rOJIOBy». BMecTe c TeM, npOH3BO,n;CTBeHHaH opraHH3aQHH HBJIH­ eTCH OTKpb TOH CHCTeMOH H, CJie,n;oBaTeJibHO, OHa cpyHKQHOHHpyeT, pa3BH­ naeTCH BO BpeMeHH.3JieMeHTbl ee Ha OCHOBe.n;eHTeJibHOCTH J1 OTHOIIleHHH o6MeHHBalOTCH Bem;eCTBOM, 3Hepr11e:i1:, HHcpopMaQHeH J1 T..n;.

 

 

2

L{euuocmu npou3eoacmeeuubt X op2auu3atfUU

IloMHMO HOpM, npe.n;n11caH11tl:, HHCTPYKQHH, pacnopnmeHHH,.n;oroBopoB J1.n;pyrHX cpopMaJibHblX perJiaMeHTaQHH B npOH3BO,ll;CTBeHHOH opraHH3a­ QHJ1 OTHOIIleHHH Mem.n;y JllO,ll;bMH J1 no.n;pa3,n;eJieHHHMH peryJIHPYIOTCH

npo"13BO,QCTBeHHble opraHM3al.!"1"1 125


opraHH3ar.vmHHbIMJil eHHOCT.fIMJil. OprauuaaQuouu&ie QenuocTu - aTo npe,n;MeTbr, SIBJieHJil.fl Jil npoeccbr, HanpasJieHHbre Ha y,n;osJieTsopeHJile IlOTpe6HOCTeH 'iJieHOB opraHJil3aJilJil Jil nplil3HalOJileC.fl B Ka'ieCTBe TaKO­ BbIX 60Jibl.l.IJilHCTBOM B opraHJil3a JilJil.

B npOH3BO,n;cTBeHHbrx opraHH3a Jil.fIX, KaK Jil,n;pyrHx coHaJib­

Hbrx opraHJil3a Jil.fIX, cyeCTByeT,ll;OBOJibHO 60JibI.I.IOe KOJIJil'ieCTBO eH­ HOCTeH. KaKOBbr me rJiaBHbre J/13 Hlilx?Ilpem,n;e scero, opraHH3a Jil.fl Hym,n;aeTC.fl B IlOCTO.fIHHOH IlOCTaHOBKe Jil3BHe eJieH B IlO,ll;TBepm,n;eHJile aKTyaJibHOCTJil csoHx cpyHK JilH. IToaToMy QeJIH caMJil no ce6e cpopMH­ pyroTc.fl HeKJilMJil KOHKpeTHbIMJil 3aKa3'1JilKaMJil -,n;pyrHMJil opraHJi13a­ Jil.fIMJil, Hym,n;aroHMHC.fl s npo,n;yKJillil,n;aHHOH opraHH3a Jillil. He 6y­

,n;eT 3aKa3'1JilKOB -OTna,n;eT He06XO,ll;JilMOCTb cpyHKJilOHlilpOBaHJil.fl,n;aH­ HOH npoH3Bo,n;cTseHHOH opraHH3a lillil. Pa6oTaTb «Ha cKJia,n;»,n;oJiro HeB03MOmHo. A,D;JI.fl cTpOHTeJiei1: OTCYTCTBHe 3aKa3'ililKa 03Ha qaeT Jil

HeB03MOmHOCTb Ha'iaJia pa60TbI.0TKy,n;a B03bMYTC.fl cpe,n;CTBa,ll;JI.fl,n;e­

.fITeJibHOCTJil opraHlil3a Ji1Ji1?

Ho opraHH3a Jillil HymeH He npocTo 3aKa3'ililK. Y,n;osJieTBOplilB 3a­ npocbr,n;aHHoro 3aKa3'ililKa, opraHH3a Jil.fl cHosa Hym,n;aeTC.fl s 3aKa3'ilil­ Kax. JI106oi1: npOlil3BO,ll;CTBeHHOH opraHJil3a JilJil Tpe6yeTC.fl CT30HJibHOCTb, ycTOH'ililBOCTb cpyHKJilOHHposaHHH, onpe,n;eJieHHbre rapaHTJillil ee Hym­ HOCTJil s 6y,n;yeM. CJie,n;osaTeJibHO, CTa6HJibHbIH 3aKa3'ililK,,n;oJirospe­ MeHHbre ycTOH'ililBbre OTHOI.I.IeHJil.fl c 3TlilM 3aKa3'ililKOM TaKme SIBJIHIOTC.fl samHOH opraHJil3aJilOHHOH eHHOCTblO.

.IJ:JIH npOlil3BO,ll;CTBeHHOH opraHJi13a JilJil cyeCTBeHHOe 3Ha'ieHJile JilMeeT TaKme TO, KaKJilMJil 3aTpaTaMJil,ll;OCTJilraeTC.fl pe3yJibTaT JilX,n;eH­ TeJibHOCTJil, KaKOBa 3KOHOMJil'ieCKa.fl acpcpeKTJilBHOCTb X03.fIHCTBOBaHJil.fl, SIBJISieTC.fl JIJil npoH3Bo,n;cTBO TOH JilJIJil HHOH npo,n;yKJilH y6bITO'iHb M JilJIJil OHO npHHOCJilT npH6bIJib. MaKCHMaJI&HaH aKOHOMH'lecKaH acl>cl>eKTHB­ uocT&, noJiy'ieHlile nplil6bIJIJil.fIBJI.fleTC.fl samHOH opraHJi13a JilOHHOH eH­ HOCTblO B ycJIOBJil.fIX TOBapHoro npOlil3BO,ll;CTBa.

cI>yHK JilOHlilpOBaHJile npOlil3BO,ll;CTBeHHbIX opraHJi13a JilH CBSI3aHo BO B3aJilMO,D;eHCTBJile,n;syx COCTaBJI.fIIO JilX - cpe,D;CTB npOlil3BO,ll;CTBa Jil pa6oqei1: ClilJibI. KaqecTBO pa6oqei1: ClilJibI, ee socnpOH3BO,n;CTBO CBSI3aHbI c y,n;oBJieTBOpeHJileM pa3Hoo6pa3HbIX IlOTpe6HOCTeH pa6oTHJilKOB npe,n;­ nplilSITJilH. 3To y,n;osJieTBopeHJile ocyeCTBJI.fleTC.fl B paMKax COJilaJibHOH noJIHTJilKJil npOH3so,n;cTseHHbIX opraHH3a JilH. KoJiw1ecTeeuublit: 11 Ka­ qecTeeuu&m ypOBHHCOQH3JlbHOH DOJIHTHKH npeAJipHHTHH, HeCOMHeH­ HO, npHHa,n;JiemaT K 3Ha'iJilTeJibHbIM opraHJi13a JilOHHbIM eHHOCT.fIM.

IlOMJilMO o6JllX eHHOCTeH, onpe,n;eJI.fIIO JilX cpyHKJilOHlilpOBaHJile npoH3Bo,n;cTBeHHbIX opraHH3a Hi1:, cyecTsyeT ee eJibr:ti Ha6op BHYT­ pHopraHH3aJilOHHbIX eHHOCTei1:. OpraHH3a Jil.fl xopoI.I.Io BbrnOJIHSieT npe,n;nHcaHHbre ei1: eJIH JIHI.I.Ib nplil co6JI10,n;eHJ11Jil s HeH onpe,n;eJieHHoro cpyHKJilOHaJibHoro Jil CTPYKTypHoro nopSI,n;Ka, KOTOpbIH.fIBJI.fleTC.fl cpaK­ TopoM ee cTa6HJibHOCTJil. ITopH,n;OK B opraHH3aJillil no,n;,n;epmHsaeTC.fl Tpy­

,n;oBbIM nose,n;eHJileM pa6oTHJilKOB, co6JIIO,D;eHlileM JilMJil Tpy,n;oBOH Jil TeXHO­

JIOrlil'ieCKOH,ll;JilCJililJIJilHbI..IJ:HCJilDJIJil}ia Jil npe,n;cTaBJI.fleT co6oi1: O,D;HY J/13 BHyTpHopraHH3aJilOHHbIX eHHOCTeH.Cro,n;a me OTHOC.fITC.fl Jil TaKHe qep­

TbI Tpy,n;osoro nose,n;eHJil.fl, KaK JilCilOJIHJilTeJibHOCTb, BbICOKOe qyBCTBO OT-


BeTeTBeHHOeTH 3a BbIIlOJIHeHHe eBOHX npocpeeeHOHaJibHbIX H eTaTyeHbIX o6H3aHHOeTe:ti, eTa6HJibHOeTb noBe,ZJ;eHHH KaK OT,ZJ;eJibHOro pa60THHKa, TaK H QeJibIX KOJIJieKTHBOB.

JJ:ncu;HnJIHHa, OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb, CTa6HJibHOCTb - Bee 3TH QeH­ HOeTH HBJIHIOTeH KaK 6bI KOHeepBHPYIOHMH KaqeeTBaMH npOH3BO,ZJ;eT­

BeHHOH opraHH3aQHH. Ho y opraHH3aQH:ti eeTb noTpe6HoeTb BO BHe,D;pe­ HHH HOBIUeeTB, B H3MeHeHHH eTpyKTypbr, TexHOJIOrH:ti, OTHOIUeHH:ti,

cpyHKQH:ti. PaaHoo6pa3Hbre HHHoeau;HH TaK.me IUHpoKo npH3HaJOTeH Heo6xo,ZJ;HMo:ti opraHH3aQHOHHO:ti QeHHOeTblO. A 3TO 3Ha'IHT, 'ITO H HOBa­ TopeTBO, HHHQHaTHBHOeTb, TBopqeeKHe HaKJIOHHOeTH B H3BeeTHOM

eMbieJie MOtyT BbieTynaTb B Ka'leeTBe BHyTpHopraHH3aQHOHH bIX QeH­ HOeTe:ti. BMeeTe e TeM, aMnHpH'leeKHe eoQHOJIOrH'leeKHe HeeJie,ZJ;oBaHHH noKa3bIBaJOT, 'ITO,ZJ;oJI.mHoeTHbre JIHQa, HMeJOHe eTaTye pyKOBO,ZJ;HTe­ Jie:ti, Ha eJIOBax O'leHb BbieOKO QeHHT HOBaTopeTBO, HHHQHaTHBy, HO y eBOHX IlO,Zl;'IHHeHHbIX OT,ZJ;alOT npe,D;IlO'ITeHHe TaKHM Ka'leeTBaM, KaK

JIH'IHaH npe,D;aHHOeTb, KOHcpopMH3M, noeJiyIUaHHe HT.,ZJ;. CJie,ZJ;oBaTeJib­ Ho, H 3TH KaqeeTBa TaK.me eJie,ZJ;yeT paeeMaTpHBa Tb KaK BHyTpHopraHH- 3aQHOHHbi e QeHHOeTH.

 

3

Po.ab Herfiop.Ma.ttbHbiX zpynn 6 ae.Rme.abHOcmu opWHU3a uu

Mbr,ZJ;eJiaJIH aKQeHT Ha HeKoTOpbIX cpopMaJibHbrx Ba.mHbIX npH3HaKax npOH3BO,ZJ;eTBeHHOH opraHH3aQHH. 0,ZJ;HaKO npOH3BO,ZJ;eTBeHHaH opraHH3a­

QHHBHYTpeHHe npOTHBOpe'IHBa. cO,Zl;HOH eTOpOHbI,B He:i1Bee,ZJ;OJI.mHO 6bITb

cpopMaJIH30BaHO. c,D;pyro:i1 eTOpOHbI, He Bee epe,D;eTBa cpyHKQHOHHpOBa­

HHHnpOH3BO,ZJ;eTBeHHbI X opraHH3aQHH 'leTKO onpe,D;eJieHbIH,ZJ;aJieKO He Bee eTOpOHbIee cpYffKQHOHHpoBaHHHcpopMaJIH30BaHbI.J1HeTPYKQHHHe OXBa­ TbIBalOT,,ZJ;a H He M()ryT OXBaTHTb Beero, 'ITO npoHeXO,Zl;HT B opraHH3aQHHX. BoJiee Toro, nonbITKH Bee perJiaMeHTHpoBaTb npHBO,ZJ;HT K eHH.meHHIO acp­ cpeKTHBHOeTH HX pa60TbI.Bee,ZJ;eJIO B TOM, 'ITO oeHOBHbIM 3JieMeHTOM BeH­ KOH npoH3BO,ZJ;eTBeHHO:i1 opraHH3aQHH HBJIHJOTeH JIIO,ZJ;H. IoaToMy B03Mo.m­

HO paeeMOTpeHHe npOH3BO,ZJ;eTBeHHbIX opraHH3aQHH KaK ue<)>opMaJibHblX opraHH3au;Hii. OpraHH3aQHH npH TaKOM no,ZJ;XO,ZJ;e paeeMaTpHBaJOTeH KaK KOJIJieKTHB eoTpy,D;HHKOB, oeHOBHbIM 3JieMeHTOM KOTOporo BbieTynalOT eo­

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eTHbie, HaQHOHaJibHbre; 2) npocpeeeHOHaJibHO-KBaJIHcpHKaQHOHHbi e -pa- 60'IHe, eJiy.maHe, HH.meHepHO-TeXHHqeeKHe pa60THHKH, ynpaBJieHQbI H

T.,ZJ;.; 3) KOHTaKTHbre; 4) QeJieBbie HT.,ZJ;.

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npOl-!3BOACTBBHHblB opraH!-1331..11-11-1 127


CJieCTBMe, Memy HMMM B03HMKaIOT onpeeJieHHbie 'iYBCTBa, npMBbl'i­ KM, om11:aH11:R, c11:MnaT11:11: 11: aHT11:naT11:11:. Ip11:'ieM, 'ieM qae 11: MHTeHCMB­

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CTM, uopMbl COBMCCTHOro IlOBCACHHJI. TaKOM HOpMo:ti, Hanp11:Mep, MOateT 6bITb: «He CTpeMMCb npOH3BOTb npoyKMM 60Jibllle, 'ieM pyr11:e' MHa­ qe 6yyT npHHRTbl Mepbl no nOBb IlleHMIO HOpMbl Bbipa60TKM MJIM CHMme­ Hbl paceHKM». HecpopMaJibHbie HOpMbI aKKYMYJI11:py10T npOilIJibIM onbIT, BbICOKO eHRTCR JIIObMM 11: BbIIIOJIHRIOTCR HepeKO c 6oJibllIMM np11:Jie­

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MomeT paccMaTp11:BaTbCR B Ka'ieCTBe opraH11:3a11:11: Boo6e. HaJIM'iMR

me MHCTpyMeHTaJibHOCTM HeOCTaTO'iHO, 'iT06bI opraHM3a MR «OatM­ Jia»' HaqaJia BbIIIOJIHRTb CBOM cpyHKMM. c 11:3BeCTHOM OJie:ti YCJIOBHOCTM

MOatHO CKa3aTb, 'iTO opraHM3a MR KaK MHCTpyMeHT RBJIReTCR aHaJioroM OBeeCTBJieHHOro Tpya, a opraHM3a MR KaK cy6'beKT BOnJioaeT B ce- 6e m11:Bo:ti Tpy, «'ieJioBe'ieCKMH cpaKTOp». TaK BOT 3TOT «qeJIOBeqecKM:ti cpaKTOp»' KOTOpb H HeCOMHeHHO RBJIReTCR rJiaBHb M B opraHM3a MM, MO­ meT npORBMTb ce6R aJieKO HeOH03Ha'iHO. JI1011:, KaK OTMe'iaJIOCb Bbl­ Ille, CKJIOHHbl B opraHM3a MRX C03aBaTb HecpopMaJibHbi e rpynnb. I1H­ MBMbl11: rpynnbl He06R3aTeJibHO noJIHOCTblO pa3eJIRIOT eJIM opraHM- 3a11:11:..HcHO, qeM mecTqe npOH3BOCTBeHHaR opraHM3a MR, qeM CTpome B HeH cpopMaJibHbi e OTHOilleHMR, TeM BepORTHee OHa MOmeT OKa- 3aTbCR B pyKax onpeeJieHHb X rpynn JIIO e:ti, RBJIRIOMXCR ee qJieHa­ MM, 11: 6yeT copHeHTHpOBaHa He Ha OCTMateHMe cpopMaJibHb X eJie:ti, a Ha peaJIM3aMIO eJieH 3TMX rpynnJIIO e:ti. 3TOT MOMeHT' KOra qacTHb H MHTepec onpeeJieHHbIX rpynn BbI aeTcR 3a MHTepec Bce:ti opraHM3a-


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eKTaMH p;e.HTeJibHOCTH npOH3BO,IJ;CTBeHHOH opraHH3a HH.

 

4

IIoH.stmue ynpaeAeHUJt,

<fiop.M'bL ynpaBAeH"leCKOU iJe.stmeA'b'ftOCmU

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nposepKy HCilOJIHeHHH.

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ecc, cnoco6cTBYIO HH,IJ;OCTHmeHHIO MaKCHMaJibHOro 3cpcpeKTa npH 3aTpaTe MHHHMaJibHb X pecypcos, ycHJIHH H speMeHH. YnpasJieHHe HB­ JIHeTCH o6'beKTOM H3y'ieHHH MHOrHX,IJ;HCHilJIHH: KH6epHeTHKH, 6HOJIO­

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TIPEHA3HAEHHE/3AAA TEXHOJIOfHH

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TIPOUECC YTIPABJIEHJ1.II CTPYKTYPA OPI' AHW3AUWW

 

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Puc. 5. 3Jte.MeHmbt am.1rtoc¢ep11i opzaHuaai+uu

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,n;pyry rpyrrrr pa6oTHHKOB. HoBocH6HpCKHe coHOJiorn rro,n; PYKOBO,ZJ;CTBOM P. B. PhIBKHHOH rrpoBeJIH,n;oBOJibHO o6urnpHbre HCCJie,n;oBaHHH, B ocHoBe KOTOpbIX JiemaJIO H3y'ieHHe peaJibHOro IIOBe,n;eHH.fl yrrpaBJieH'ieCKHX Ka,n;­

poB Ha aaHHMaeMbIX,ZJ;OJI'1<:HOCTHbIX MeCTax, HHTepeCOB J1 MOTHBOB HX rro­

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rocnO,ll;CTBYIO eif u opram1aaHH. Ha aTMoccpepy opraHHaa HH qepea ee cTpyKTypy BJIH.ReT rrpe,n;HaaHa'ieHHe opraHHaa HH, ee oKpymeHHe H

TeXHOJIOrH.R. B CBOIO oqepe,n;b OHa OKa3bIBaeT BJIH.flHHe Ha MOTHBaHIO,

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ATMoccpepy s opramrnaHH MOmHo paccMaTpHsaTb KaK coe,n;HHe­ HHe Tex cpaKTOpOB J1 CBOHCTB, qepe3 npH3MY KOTOpb X opraHH3a mr pac­ CMaTpHBaeT CBOHX 'fJieHOB J1 csoe OKpymeHHe. Co,n;epmaHHe aTMOccpepbl opraHH3a HJ1 YTO'fHHeTCH Ha OCHOBe cy6oeKTHBHOro OilbITa ee qJieHOB npH IlOMOH cneHaJibHOro COHOJIOrH'feCKOro HCCJie,n;oBaHHH.

CHHTeTH'feCKHH no,n;xo,n; K npo6JieMe ynpasJieHHH pa3pa6oTaJI

A.11. IIpuzo:HCU'li s csoeii pa6oTe «Couo.1wzUJi opzaHuaauu» ( M., 1980).

B ero OCHOBe JiemHT npHHHn, corJiaCHO KOTOpOMY ynpaBJIHK>aH CHCTe­ Ma npe,n;cTaBJIHeT co6oii MeHee cJiomHbIH o6oeKT, 'feM ynpasJineMan UJIH o6'beKT ynpasJieHHH. 06'beKT ynpaBJieHHH o6Jia,n;aeT OTHOCHTeJibHO ca­ MOCTOHTeJibHOH cpopMOH csoero cyeCTBOBaHHH, a, CJie,n;osaTeJibHO, co6- CTBeHHOH JIOrHKOH cpyHK HOHHposaHHH H HHepHOHHOCTbK>. CTeneHb

cso6o,n;bl, aBTOHOMHH ynpaBJIHeMoro 06'beKTa J1 BbipamaeTCH IlOHHTHeM

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fpaHH bl ynpaBJIHeMOCTH onpe,n;eJIHIOTCH TaKme CJIOmHOCTblO TOH poJiesoii CTPYKTYPb, s KOTopy10 BKJIK>'feH pyKoso,n;HTeJib: s,n;oJim­ HOCTHyK>, rpynnosy10, CeMeHHYK>, npocpeCCHOHaJibHYK> J1T.,n;. HanpHMep,

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3cpcpeKTHBHOCTb ynpasJieHHH BO MHOrOM 3aBHCHT OT Ka'feCTBa npHMeHneMb X perneHHH. Pemeuue -3TO eHTpaJibHbIH 3JieMeHT yn­ pasJieHHH H opraHH3a HH npoH3Bo,n;cTsa. A. J1. lpHromHH npe,n;JiomHJI

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npOH3BOACTBeHHble opraHH3a1.11111 131


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eJIOBbie H JIH<rHbie Ka<recTsa pyKOBOHTeJisi:.

 

5

Cmu.n.b py11:oeoacmea npouaeoacmeeuuou opzauuaatfueu

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HeHHOro 3ecb npaKTH<recKH He 3aei1:cTBOBaH.TaKoii: MeTo ynpaBJieHHR noJiy<rHJI B MeHe:mMeHTe Ha HMeHoBaHHe «Teopuu X».

rlpOH3BOACTB0HHbl0 opraHH3SLIHH 133


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«TeopuuY».

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«Teopuu Z».

 

 

6

MemOO'bL O'lfe'li'ICU ae.R.me.ti'bHOCmu PY1C06oaume.tieii.

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np0"13BOACTBeHHble opraH"13all"1"1 135


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raHH3aQHH.

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Âñå ìàòåðèàëû ïðåäñòàâëåííûå íà ñàéòå èñêëþ÷èòåëüíî ñ öåëüþ îçíàêîìëåíèÿ ÷èòàòåëÿìè è íå ïðåñëåäóþò êîììåð÷åñêèõ öåëåé èëè íàðóøåíèå àâòîðñêèõ ïðàâ. Ñòóäàëë.Îðã (0.082 ñåê.)