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Il pea.M em u ifJy uK/uu 12 ñòðàíèöà

×èòàéòå òàêæå:
  1. I. Ïåðåâåñòè òåêñò. 1 ñòðàíèöà
  2. I. Ïåðåâåñòè òåêñò. 10 ñòðàíèöà
  3. I. Ïåðåâåñòè òåêñò. 11 ñòðàíèöà
  4. I. Ïåðåâåñòè òåêñò. 2 ñòðàíèöà
  5. I. Ïåðåâåñòè òåêñò. 3 ñòðàíèöà
  6. I. Ïåðåâåñòè òåêñò. 4 ñòðàíèöà
  7. I. Ïåðåâåñòè òåêñò. 5 ñòðàíèöà
  8. I. Ïåðåâåñòè òåêñò. 6 ñòðàíèöà
  9. I. Ïåðåâåñòè òåêñò. 7 ñòðàíèöà
  10. I. Ïåðåâåñòè òåêñò. 8 ñòðàíèöà
  11. I. Ïåðåâåñòè òåêñò. 9 ñòðàíèöà
  12. Il pea.M em u ifJy uK/uu 1 ñòðàíèöà

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2

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06pa3yroTcH B cpe,n;CTBa no,n;,n;epmaHH.fl ycTOH'iHBOCTH yqpem,n;eHHH, cpopM perJJaMeHTa HH,n;eHTeJJhHOCTH J1 MaTepnaJJbHbIX HHTepecoB oco- 6hIX rpynn JJro,n;eJ1 - npanHI.Qeii: aJUITL.B coaeTCKOM 06U1eCTBe cyU1eCT­ BOBaJJ oco6hIH KJJacc JJIO,n;ei1:, HMeBIIIHX CBOH, OTJJH'iHhie OT Bcero 06U1eCTBa HHTepeChI,-KJJacc napTHHHO-X03.flHCTBeH HOH HOMeHKJJaTypbI.

B Ka'iecTBe npoTHBOBeca H KOMneHcaHH He,n;ocTaTKOB cpopMaJihHbIX opraHH3aJ1 B03HJ1KalOT J1 cpYffKHOHHpyroT HecpopMaJJbHbie opraHH3aJ1. He<PopMaJILHbie oprau113auu npe,n;cTaBJJHIOT co6oi1: cnoHTaHHO cJJomHB­ IIIYIDCH CHCTeMy COHaJihHbIX CBH3ei1:, B3aHMO,n;ei1:CTBHH/ HOpM MemJIH'iHOCT­

HbIX H Memrpynnoaoro 06U1eHHH. HecpopMaJihHhre opraHH3a nB03HHKalOT TaM, r,n;e HencnpaBHOCTb cpopMaJihHOH opraHH3a H BbI3bIBaeT HapyIIIeHHe aamHbIX,Zl;JI.H '1\:J13He,n;eHTeJihHOCTJ1 BCero COHaJihHOro opraHH3Ma cpHH. OHM KOMneHcnpyroT ero 3a C'ieT cpYffKOHaJihHO HanpaaJJeHHoi1: caMoopra­ HH3aHH J1 caMoperyJI.H HH. B OCHOBe MexaHH3Ma TaKOH KOMneHca HH JJe­ '1\:HT onpe,n;eJJeHHaH 06lllffOCTh mITepecoB opraHH3aH Hee 'UleHOB.

J13BeCTHO, 'iTO cpyHKH.fl B opraHH3a HJ1 He TOm,n;eCTBeHHa ee HOCH­ TeJJro. Bcer,n;a CYUlecTayeT 3a3op Mem,n;y pa3,n;eJJeHHeM cpyHKi1: H.rrn'iHO­ CTHMH. JlH'iHOCTb coxpaHHeT onpe,n;eJJeHHYIO aBTOHOMHIO no OTHOIIIeHHIO K cpYffKHH.BJJaro,n;apHaToi1: aBTOHOMHH pa6oTHHK noJJyqaeT onpe,n;eJJeHHhIH nana30H cao6o,n;hr B Bhr6ope KOHKpeTHhIX cpopM cJJyme6Horo noae,n;eHHH H B3aHMO,n;ei1:cTBHH c,n;pyruMH 'iJJeHaMH opraHH3a n.HecpopMaJJhHaH opra- HJ13aH.fl KaK Henocpe,n;CTBeHHa.fl CilOHTaHHa.fl 06U1HOCTb JJIO,n;ei1:, OCHOBaH­ HaH Ha JJH'iHOM Bhr6ope CBH3ei1: H acconai1: Mem,n;y co6oi1:, npe,n;noJJaraeT JJH'iHOCTHbie HecpopMaJJJ130BaHHbie CJJyme6Hhie OTHOIIIeHHH, peIIIeHHe op­ raHH3aHOHHbIX 3a,n;aq cnoco6aMH, OTJJH'iHbIMH OT cpopMaJJbHbIX npe,n;nH­

caHHH n T.,n;. B Hei1: HeT mecToKoro 3aKpenJJeHHH 6e3JJH'iHhIX cTaH,n;apTOB,

,n;eJJalOUIMX opraHH3a nro ycTOH'iHBOH. HanpoTHB, B Hei1: npeaaJJnpyroT rpynnOBbie HOpMbI, a CilOHTaHHOe B3aHMO,n;eHCTBHe JJIO,n;ei1: npn,n;aeT rn6- KOCTb opraHH3a HOHHOMY noae,n;eHHIO. EcJJH cpopMaJJbHaH opraHH3a HH onnpaeTCH Ha mecTKyro cTpyKTYPY OTHOIIIeani1:, 3acpnKcnpoaaHayro B ne­ papxnn,Zl;OJJ'1\:HOCTHbIX cpyHKHOHaJJbHhIX Il03HHH, TO B HecpopMaJJbHOH

-no,n;o6HaH cTpyKTypa HOCHT cnTyaHOHHhIH xapaKTep. HecpopMaJJbHaH opraHH3a J1.fl co3,n;aeT 60JJbIIIHe B03M0'1\:HOCTJ1,n;JI.H TBOp'ieCKOH, npo,n;yK­ THBHOH,n;eHTeJJhHOCTH, pa3pa60TKJ1 J1 BHe,n;peHH.fl HOBOBBe,n;eHHH.

 

 

3

M apxcucmcxoe y'l/,euue o zocyaa pcrnae xax coitUCLltbHOU opzauuaaituu 1uiaccoao-auma2ouucmu'l/,ecxo20 o6Uj,ecmaa.

I'ocyaa pcmao u 2pa:>1Caaucxoe o6Uj,ecmao.

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Ma co6cTeeuuocTH. BoJieBoe, aBTop11TapHoe Bb1pameH11e 11HTepeca cy6'beKTa co6CTBeHHOCTl1, npO.RBJI.RIOru;eec.R B opraH11aa1111 COl1aJibHO­ ro ynpaBJieH11.R, eCTb co11aJibHa.R BJiaCTb. OcHOBHbie cpyHK1111BJiaCTl1-

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c TO'LIKl1 apeHl1.fl MapKCl13Ma, B nepB06bJTH006ru;11HHOM, 6ecKJiac­

COBOM o6ru;ecTBe, 6aa11poBaBllleMC.fl Ha o6ru;ecTBeHHOM co6CTBeHHOCTl1, cyru;eCTBOBaJIO IlOJIHOe COBna,n;eH11e KOpeHHbJX 11HTepecoB JIJO,n;e:i1: 11C011- aJibHa.R BJiaCTb np11Ha,n;JiemaJia BceM ero 'LIJieHaM. B STOM o6ru;ecTBe He 6bIJIO,n;11cpcpepeH 11a1111 ero 'LIJieHOB Ha BJiaCTBy10ru;11x 11 IlO,ZJ;BJiaCTHbJX. Cy6'beKT 11 o6'beKT BJiacT11 coBna,n;aJI11. CoBeT cTapettll111H, Bom,n;11.RBJI.R­ Jil1Cb opraHaMl1 BJiaCTl1, B03Hl1Kll111Ml1 BCJie,ZJ;CTBl1e paa,n;eJieHl1.fl Tpy,n;a. 3Tl1 opraHbl o6Jia,n;aJil1 BbJCllll1M BJiaCTHbJM aBTOp11TeTOM, 11X BOJI.fl 6bJJia 06.RaaTeJibHa,n;JI.R Bcex 'LIJieHoB o6ru;ecTBa. B ycJioB11.Rx coBna,n;eH11.R Ko­ peHHbIX 11HTepecoB aBTOp11TapHa.R BOJI.fl opraHOB BJiaCTl1 BbJCTynaJia KaK l1HTerp11poBaHHa.R BOJI.fl Bcero o6ru;eCTBa. fapaHTl1eM peaJI113a1111:3TOM BJiaCTl1 CJiym11JI11 HOpMbl MOpaJil1, o6bJ'Llal1, Tpa,n;11 1111, KOTOpbie cpopM11- poBaJil1Cb B o6ru;ecTBeHHOM MHeH1111. B sT11x ycJIOBl1.RX c11JibIo6ru;ecTBeH­ Horo MHeHl1.fl 6bJJIO,Zl;OCTaTO'LIHO,Zl;JI.fl ocyru;ecTBJieHl1.fl BJiaCTl111 Bonpoc 0 coa,n;aHl111 cne 11aJibHbJX opy,n;11:i1: BJiaCTBOBaHl1.fl He 11MeJI o6'beKTl1BHOM OCHOBbl,Zl;JI.fl B03Hl1KHOBeHl1.fl.

06eCTBeHHOe pa3)l;eJICHHe Tpy)l;a Hapyllll1JIO eJIOCTHOCTb 06- ru;eCTBeHHOro 11HTepeca, cnoco6cTBOBaJIO paa,n;eJieHl1IO OTHOCl1TeJibHO ca­ MOCTO.RTeJibHbJX 11HTepecoB 11 C011aJibHbIX rpynn, np01130llleJI npoecc KJiaccoo6paaoBaH11.R. B cBoeM: ocHoBe npoecc KJiaccoo6paaoBaH11.R ecTb npoecc OT'Llym,n;eHl1.fl OCHOBHbJX cpe,n;CTB np0113BO,ZJ;CTBa OT Henocpe,n;cT­ BeHHbJX np0113BO,Z1;11TeJieM, B peayJibTaTe qero KopeHHbJM o6paaoM 113Me­ H.ReTC.fl OTHOllleH11e O,ZJ;HOH rpynnblJIIO,n;e:i1: K,n;pyroH, a TaKme npo11cxo,n;.RT npoeccbI 06oco6JieH11.R:3Tl1X rpynn.Cy6'heKT co6cTBeHHOCT11 KOHCTl1TY- 11pyeTc.R KaK KJiacc, npOTl1BOCTO.fllll;l1M Henocpe,n;CTBeHHbJM np0113BO,Z1;11-


TeJI.RM, OT<rym.n;eHHblM OT cpe.n;CTB 11pOH3BO,ll;CTBa. J1HTepeCbl 3THX,Zl;Byx KJiaCCOB He11pHMHpHMb, paaropaeTC.R KJiaCCOBa.R 6opb6a. qT06b1 3TH 11poTHBOpe<rH.R H 11pOTHBOl10JIOmHbie KJiaCCbl «He 11omHpaJIH.n;pyr.n;pyra B 6eCl1JIO,Zl;HOH 6opb6e»' OTMe<raJI B. 11.JleHHH, B03HHKaeT CHJia, CTO.Ra.R,

110-BH,ZJ;HMOMy, Ha.n; o6ecTBOM, -rocy.n;apcTBo. TaKHM o6paaoM, BCJie.n;­ CTBHe OT<rym.n;eHH.fl co6CTBeHHOCTH B 11poecce KJiaccoo6paaoBaHH.fl co­ HaJibHa.R BJiaCTb TaKme OT<rym.n;aeTC.R OT o6eCTBa H HaXO,Zl;HT c11oco6 CBOe:ti: peaJIH3aHH B rocy.n;apCTBe KaK cpopMe OT<rym.n;eHHOH BJiaCTH. B KJiaccoBOM o6eCTBe BJiaCTb B ee CTPYKTypHo-cpyHK HoHaJibHOM H3- MepeHHH eCTb 110JIHTH<reCKHe OTHOllleHH.R, B HHCTHTYHOHaJibHOM 11JiaHe

-BJiaCTb eCTb rocy.n;apCTBO KaK ny6JIH<rHO-BJiaCTHa.R cpopMa opraHH3a­ HH KJiaCCOBOro o6eCTBa.

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11pe.n;11HCaHHH, Tpe6yro HX 6eaycJIOBHOro HM 110,ll;<rHHeHH.fl.,ll;JI.R 3TOH e­ JIH HOPM peJIHrHH, MOpaJIH, o6bl<raeB H Tpa.n;H HH OKa3aJIOCb.RBHO He.n;o­ CTaTO<rHO. loTpe6oBaJIOCb cpopMHpOBaHHe HHCTHTYHOHaJibHbIX HOpM, TO eCTb HOpM, KOTOpbie coa.n;alOTC.R oco6bIMH HHCTHTyTaMH, o6Jia.n;aro H­ MH Ha 3TO oco6b MH 11peporaTHBaMH.

B CJiy<rae, Kor.n;a B Ka<reCTBe TaKoro CJIOmHoro THl1a COHaJibHOro HHCTHTyTa BbICTy11aeT rocy.n;apcTBO, HOpMaTHBHa.R.n;e.RTeJibHOCTb peaJIH­

ayeTC.R B cpopMe 11paBOBOH pernaMeHTaHH. Ilpaso -3TO HCTOpH<reCKH

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uopMbI -3TO opraHH30BaHHbi e B 011pe.n;eJieHHOH CTPYKType H BblpameH­ Hbie B ycTaHOBJieHHOH cpopMe o6He 11paBHJia, peryJIHpyroHe THl1H<rHOe o6eCTBeHHOe OTHOllleHHe HJIH TY HJIH HHYIO CTOpOHY 3TOro OTHOllleHH.R.

B rocy.n;apcTBe yme <reTKO paa.n;eJI.ReTc.R y11paBJI.R10a.R H y11paB­ JI.ReMb1e 110.n;cHCTeMbI.BamHe:ti:lllee MecTo B CTPYKType rocy.n;apcTBa KaK COHaJibHOro HHCTHTyTa (11y6JIH<rHO-BJiaCTHOH opraimaaHH KJiaCCOBoro

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paa.n;eJieHH.R Tpy.n;a BHYTPH 11y6JIH<rHO-BJiaCTHO:ti: cpopMbI, opraHHaaHH KJiaCCOBOro o6eCTBa ocy eCTBJI.ReT cpyHKHH 3TOH opraHH3a HH H KJiaCCOBOH BJiaCTH. rocy.n;apCTBeHHbI H a1111apaT eCTb peayJibTaT paa.n;e­ JieHH.fl 110.rrHTHKo-y11paBJieH<recKo:ti:.n;e.RTeJibHOCTH BHYTPH KJiaccoBoro opraHH30BaHHOro o6eCTBa. EcJIH B.n;oKJ1accoBOM o6ecTBe 11y6JIH<rHoe BJiaCTBOBaHHe, y11paBJieHHe o6eCTBOM 6bIJIO 11po<rHO Bl1JieTeHO B MaTe­ pHaJibH0-11paKTH<reCKYIO.n;e.RTeJibHOCTb, TO 11poecc KJiaccoo6pa30Ba­ HH.fl 11pHBeJI K OTl10<rKOBaHHIO 11y6JIH<rHOH BJiaCTH B caMOCTO.RTeJibHYIO

COHaJibHYIO cpyHK HlO. «He11pOH3BO,ll;HTeJibHbl H Tpy.n;, B <raCTHOCTH, Tpy.n; 110 pyKOBO,Zl;CTBY 11peBpaaeTC.R B HCKJIIO<rHTeJibHYIO cpyHKHlO o.n;­ HOH <raCTH pa60THHKOB, a 11pOH3BO,Zl;HTeJibHbl H Tpy.n; -B HCKJIIO<rHTeJib­

HYIO cpyHKHro.n;pyrnx» (MapKc K., onze.abc <P. Co1l. T.26. q. 1.-C.293).

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,ll;Bi1'Kem1e BCIO orpOMHYIO H CJIO»rnyro rocy,n;apcTBeHHyro MaWHHy. «Cy­ eCTBOBaHHe rocy,n;apCTBeHHOH BJiaCTH Haxo,n;HT CBOe BbipameHHe HMeHHO B 'iHHOBHHKax, apMHH, a,n;MHHHCTpa HH, cy,n;ax», - IlHCaJI K MapKc (Ta.M:>1Ce. T. 6.- C. 287). KoHeHTpaHR BJiacTHb X noJIHOMo­

'iHH B pyKax rocy,n;apcTBeHHOH 6ropoKpaTHH 3aqacTyro npHBO,ll;HT K BeCbMa 3Ha'iHTeJibHOH caMOCTORTeJibHOCTH rocy,n;apcTBeHHOro annapa­ Ta no OTHOWeHHIO K KJiaccy, BilJIOTb,n;o Toro, 'iTO 6ropoKpaTHR,ll;HKTyeT CBOIO BOJIIO, OCHOBaHHYIO Ha qacTHOM «KOpnopaTHBHOM HHTepece», roc­

no,n;CTBYIO eMy KJiaccy. K MapKc Heo,n;HoKpaTHO OTMe'iaJI HaJIH'iHe y

6ropoKpaTHH CBOHX oco6bIX eJieH, KOTOpbie OHa B npoecce BJiaCTBOBa­ HHR BbI,n;aeT 3a BCeo6He. BropoKpaTHR COCTaBJIReT oco6oe 3aMKHYTOe o6eCTBO B rocy,n;apcTBe. BropoKpaTHR C'iHTaeT caMoe ce6n KOHe'iHOH eJiblO rocy,n;apcTBa, TaK KaK 6ropoKpaTHR,n;eJiaeT CBOH «cpOpMaJibHbie eJIH CBOHM co,n;epmaHHeM, TO OHa BCer,n;a BCTynaeT B KOHcpJIHKT c pe­

aJibHbIMH eJIRMH» (TaM:>1Ce.- T. 1.- C. 270-271). M noT cpaKT MomeT

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rJirumaa <j>ynKizyIH rocyAapcTBa COCTOHT B cpopMHpOBamrn TaKOH CO­ aJibHOH cpe,n;bI,KOTopan co,n;epmaJia 6bI B ce6e npe,n;nocbIJIKH pa3BHTHR rocno,n;CTByroHX npOH3BO,ll;CTBeHHbIX OTHOWeHHH H caMoro KJiacca co6cT­ BeHHHKOB. MapKCH3M YTBepm,n;aeT, 'iTD opraHH3a o6ecTBa B cpopMe ro­ cy,n;apcTBa eCTb HHCTHTOHaJIH3a B IlOJDITWfeCKOH cpopMe 3KOHOMH'ie­ CKOro MOryeCTBa rocno,n;CTBYIO KJiaCCOB, KOHI eHTpHpoBaHHOe Bbipa­ meHHe 3Toro MOreCTBa H C03,ll;aHHe Ha ero OCHOBe npHHHnHaJibHbIX ycJIOBHH cecTBOBaHHR,n;aHHoro cnoco6a npoH3Bo,n;cTBa. 0,n;HaKo co3,n;aHHe TaKl1X ycJIOBHH HeB03MO:>KHO 6e3 o6ero HHTepeca KJiaCCa co6cTBeHHHKOB H HanpaBJieHHR BOJIH Bcex rpam,n;aH (no,n;,n;aHHbIX rocy,n;apcTBa) B o,n;Ho pycJio, 'iTO npe,n;ycMaTpHBaeT onpe,n;eJieHHoe orpaHH'ieHHe CTHXHH caMoro sToro

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,n;aBJieHHe conpOTHBJieHHR yrHeTeHHbIX KJiaCCOB, ycTaHOBJieHHe OTHO­ weHHH rocno,n;CTBa H IlO,ll;'iHHeHHR. rocnOACTBO -3TO He 'iTO HHOe, KaK HaBR3bIBaHHe BOJIH KJiacca OCTaJibHOH qaCTH o6eCTBa nocpe,n;cTBOM npHMeHeHHR HHCTHTYHoHaJibHOro npHHym,n;eHHR. lpHHym,n;eHHe ocy­ ecTBJIReTcn MHOroo6pa3Hb MH cpopMaMH B03,n;et1:cTBHR, B TOM 'iHCJie H H,n;eoJiorH'ieCKHMH.M,n;eoJiorHR B sToM nJiaHe npe,n;cTaeT KaK HHCTpyMeHT rocno,n;CTBYIO HX KJiaCCOB, cpyHK HOHHpyroHH B rocy,n;apcTBe,ll;JIR BHe,n;peHHR B C03HaHHe Mace npHHHilOB H H,n;eaJIOB, cnoco6cTBYIO HX

ocyeCTBJieHHIO KJiaccoBoro rocno,n;cTBa.

focy,n;apCTBy, KaK HaH60Jiee o6et1: cpopMe COHaJibHOH opraHH3a­ HH OTHOWeHHH JIIO,n;et1:,.B H3BeCTHOH Mepe, npOTHBOCTOHT TaKaR cpopMa

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peaJIH30BaTb CBOH eJIH JIH'iHOCTeH H HX,n;o6poBOJibHbIX o6'be,n;HHeHHH.


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Âñå ìàòåðèàëû ïðåäñòàâëåííûå íà ñàéòå èñêëþ÷èòåëüíî ñ öåëüþ îçíàêîìëåíèÿ ÷èòàòåëÿìè è íå ïðåñëåäóþò êîììåð÷åñêèõ öåëåé èëè íàðóøåíèå àâòîðñêèõ ïðàâ. Ñòóäàëë.Îðã (0.02 ñåê.)