|
|||||||
ÀâòîÀâòîìàòèçàöèÿÀðõèòåêòóðàÀñòðîíîìèÿÀóäèòÁèîëîãèÿÁóõãàëòåðèÿÂîåííîå äåëîÃåíåòèêàÃåîãðàôèÿÃåîëîãèÿÃîñóäàðñòâîÄîìÄðóãîåÆóðíàëèñòèêà è ÑÌÈÈçîáðåòàòåëüñòâîÈíîñòðàííûå ÿçûêèÈíôîðìàòèêàÈñêóññòâîÈñòîðèÿÊîìïüþòåðûÊóëèíàðèÿÊóëüòóðàËåêñèêîëîãèÿËèòåðàòóðàËîãèêàÌàðêåòèíãÌàòåìàòèêàÌàøèíîñòðîåíèåÌåäèöèíàÌåíåäæìåíòÌåòàëëû è ÑâàðêàÌåõàíèêàÌóçûêàÍàñåëåíèåÎáðàçîâàíèåÎõðàíà áåçîïàñíîñòè æèçíèÎõðàíà ÒðóäàÏåäàãîãèêàÏîëèòèêàÏðàâîÏðèáîðîñòðîåíèåÏðîãðàììèðîâàíèåÏðîèçâîäñòâîÏðîìûøëåííîñòüÏñèõîëîãèÿÐàäèîÐåãèëèÿÑâÿçüÑîöèîëîãèÿÑïîðòÑòàíäàðòèçàöèÿÑòðîèòåëüñòâîÒåõíîëîãèèÒîðãîâëÿÒóðèçìÔèçèêàÔèçèîëîãèÿÔèëîñîôèÿÔèíàíñûÕèìèÿÕîçÿéñòâîÖåííîîáðàçîâàíèå×åð÷åíèåÝêîëîãèÿÝêîíîìåòðèêàÝêîíîìèêàÝëåêòðîíèêàÞðèñïóíäåíêöèÿ |
Il pea.M em u ifJy uK/uu 11 ñòðàíèöà«rpynnbI;:i;aBJieHH.fl», o6'be,ll;HH.fllOHe JIIO,ll;eH no 3KOHOMH'ieCKHM e Jl.fIM, npocpecc:110HaJibHbI M, peJI:11r:1103HbI M 11 KYJibTypHbIM HHTepecaM. ct>opMaMH Bbipa:meHH.fl MaCCOBb X npoTeCTOB MoryT 6b1Tb TaKHe, KaK MH THHrH,;:i;eMOHCTpa HH, n:11KeTHpOBaHH.fl, KaMnaHHH rpa:m;:i;aHCKOro He nOBHHOBeHH.fl, aa6acTOBKH. Ka:m;:i;a.R H3 3THX cpopM ynoTpe6JI.ReTC.fl B on- Co1..1,1>1anbHble KOHQ>m1KTbl: reHe311c 11 MexaH113M 11x pa3peweH11R 95 pe,n;eJieHHbIX eJI.RX,.RBJI.ReTC.fl scpcpeKTMBHbI M cpe,n;cTBOM perneHM.fl BIIOJIHe KOHKpeTHbIX aa,n;a"l.IIosToMy, BbI6Mpa.R cpopMy COMaJibHOro npoTeCTa, ero opraHM3aTOpbI,Zl;OJI:lfCHbI "leTKO OC03HaBaTb, KaKMe KOH KpeTHbie eJIM CTaB.RTC.fl nepe,n; STOM aKMeM M KaKOBa o6rn,eCTBeHHa.R no,n;,n;ep:IKKa Tex MJIM MHbIX Tpe6oBaHMM. JioayHr,.flBJI.RIOilJ,MMC.fl,ll;OCTa TO"IHbIM,Zl;Jl.fl opraHM3a MM IIMKeTMpOBaHM.R, Bp.R,n; JIM MO:lfCeT IIOCJIY:lfCMTb OCHOBOM,Zl;JI.fl opraHM3a MM KaMnaHMM rpa:IK,n;aHCKOro HeIIOBMHOBeHM.fl. OcoaHaHMe "leTKOCTM IIOCTaBJieHHbI X eJieM oco6eHHO Ba:lfCHO B CB.fl3M c opraHMaa MeM aa6aCTOBKM. CoepeMeuuan 3a6acTOBKa -:no 3apauee noµ;roToeJieuuan aKJ:vrn c qeTKO ccpopMyJ11tpoeaunL MH eJIHMH,npeµ; uapuTeJILIIO o6cymµ;eHHb MH B KOJIJieKTHBax, OII1tpa10aHcH ua npH- 3HaHHb X JIHµ;epoe, eo3rJiaBJIHeMaH oprauoM pyKoeoµ;cTea (cTaqKo MOM, pa6oqJtM KOMHTeTOM), Il0Jlb3YIOHMCH noµ;.n;epmKOH npeccb,Ka- KOH-To qacTH napJiaMenTa H uaceJieuun. B 3aKJIIO"leHMe CJie,n;yeT no,n;qepKHYTb, "ITO IIOCKOJibKY KOHcpJIMK TbI B Harnett:lfCM3HM HeM36e:lfCHbI, HY:IKHO Hay"IMTbC.R ynpaBJI.RTb HMM, CTpeMMTbC.fl K TOMy, "IT06bI OHM npMBO,ll;MJIM K HaMMeHbllIMM M3,n;ep:IKKaM ,Zl;JI.fl o6rn,eCTBa M yqacTBYIOilJ,MX B HMX JIM"IHOCTeM. 1/!Iousimue «coua.abUbLU uucmumym». Mucmumy uoua.auaau.R. 061itecmeeuuou:JICUauu 2/ BuabL u <fiyU'lauu coua.abubLX uucmumymoe 3 / Ce.M.b.R. KUK ea:J1Cueumuu coua.abubLU uucmumym
1 !Iou.R.mue «coua.abUbLU uucmumym». Mucmumy uoua.auaau.R. o6u+ecmeeuuou:J1Cuauu CoHaJihHh e HHCTHTYTh (oT JiaT. nstitutum-ycTaHOBJiem: e, yqpem em: e) -aTo HCTOpH"ieCKH CJIOmHBWHeCH ycTOH"iHBbie cpopMbIopraHH- 3aHH COBMeCTHOH e.RTeJibHOCTH JIK>eti. TepMHH «COHaJibHbIH HHCTH TYT» ynoTpe6JI.ReTc.R B caMb X pa3Hoo6pa3Hb X 3Ha"l:eHHHx. foBopHT 06 HHCTHTyTe CeMbH,HHCTHTyTe o6pa30BaHHH, 3paBOOXpaHeHH.R,HHCTH TYTe rocyapcTBa H T. - IepBoe, qae Bcero ynoTpe6JI.ReMoe 3Ha"l:eHHe TepMHHa «COHaJibHbIH HHCTHTYT», CB.R3aHO c xapaKTepHCTHKOU BC.RKO ro poa ynop.R O"ieHHH, cpopMa.irn3aHH H CTaHapTH3aHH o6eCTBeH Hb X CB.R3eti H OTHOWeHHH. A caM npoecc ynop.R O"ieHHH, cpopMaJIH3a HH H CTaHapTH3a HH Ha3bIBaeTC.fl HHCTHTYOHaJIH3aHeH. Ilpoecc HHCTHTYHoHaJIH3aHH BKJIK>"iaeT B ce6.R pH MOMeHTOB. OHHM H3 Heo6xoHMb X ycJIOBHti no.RBJieHHH coHaJibHb X HHCTHTYTOB CJIYmHT COOTBeTCTByro a.R COHaJibHa.R IlOTpe6HOCTb. l1HCTHTyTbl npH3Ba Hbl opraHH30BbIBaTb COBMeCTHYK> eHTeJibHOCTb JIK>etl: B eJI.RX yoBJie TBOpeHH.R Tex HJIH HHbIX COaJihHhIX DOTpe6HOCTeH.TaK, HHCTHTyT ceMbH yoBJieTBOp.ReT noTpe6HOCTb B BocnpoH3BOCTBe qeJioBe"iecKoro poa u BOCilHTaHHH eTei1,peaJIH3yeT OTHOWeHH.flMey IlOJiaMH, IlOKOJieHH.RMH H T. ·lifHCTHTYT BbICWero o6pa30BaHJ.1.R o6ecne"l:HBaeT noTOBKY pa6oqei1: CJ.1Jlbl, aeT B03MOmHOCTb qeJIOBeKy pa3BHTb CBOH cnoco6HOCTH JI.fl Toro, "iT06bI peaJIH30BaTb HX B IlOCJieyK> ei1 e.RTeJibHOCTH H o6ecne"iHBaTb CBoe cyeCTBOBaHHe HT. Bo3HHKHOBeHUe onpeeJieHHbIX o6ecTBeHHbIX IlOTpe6HOCTei1, a TaKme ycJIOBH.fl.fl HX yOBJieTBOpeHH.fl.RBJI.RK>TC.fl nep BbIMH Heo6xoHMb MH MOMeHTaMH HHCTHTYHoHaJIH3aHH. CoHaJibHbIH J.1HCTHTyT 06pa3yeTC.fl Ha OCHOBe COHaJibHblX CB.R3ei1:, B3aHMOei1CTBH.fl H OTHOWeHHH KOHKpeTHbIX JIH,HHBHOB, coaJibHblX rpynnHHHb X 06 HOCTeit Ho OH, KaK H pyrHe COHaJibHbie CHCTeMbl,He MOmeT 6bITb CBeeHK cyMMe 3THX JIJ.1 H HX B3aHMOei1CTBHH. CoaJibHbie HHCTHTyTbl HOC.RT Ha I HBHyaJibHblH xapaKTep, o6JiaaK>T CBOHM co6cTBeHHbIM CHCTeMHbIM Ka"ieCTBOM. CJieoBaTeJibHO, coHaJibHbIH HHCTHTYT npecTaBJI.ReT co6oi1 caMOCTO.RTeJibHOe o6eCTBeHHoe o6pa30BaHHe, KOTOpoe HMeeT CBOK> JIOrH Ky pa3BHTH.R. c 3TOH TO"iKH 3peHH.R COHaJibHbie HHCTHTYTbl MOryT6b Tb paCCMOTpeHbI KaK opraHH30BaHHbie COHaJibHbie CHCTeMbl, xapaKTepH3Y K>HeC.R ycTOH"iMBOCTbK> CTPYKTYpbI, MHTerpHpoBaHHOCTbK> HX aJieMeHTOB H onpeeJieHHOH H3MeH"iHBOCTbK> HX <l>YHKH. l.!To me 3TO 3a CHCTeMbI? KaKOBbl HX OCHOBHbi e 3JieMeHTb? IIpem;a;e Bcero, 3TO CHCTeMa QeHHOcTei1,HOpM, H,;a;eaJioB, a TaKme o6pa3- QOB;a;eHTeJibHOCTH H noBe,;a;eHHH mo;a;ei1: H;a;pyrHX 3JieMeHTOB COQHO KYJibTYPHOro npoqecca. 3Ta CHCTeMa rapaHTHpyeT cxo;a;Hoe noBe,;a;eHHe Jiro,;a;ei1:, corJiacoBbIBaeT H HanpaBJIHeT B pycJio HX onpe,;a;eJieHHbi e CTpeMJieHHH, ycTaHaBJIHBaeT cnoco6bI y;a;oBJieTBOpeHHH HX noTpe6HOC Tei1:, paapemaeT KOHtj:>JIHKTbI, B03HHKaIOHe B npoqecce noBce;a;HeBHOH :>KH3HH, o6ecne•rnBaeT COCTOHHHe paBHOBeCHH H CTa6HJibHOCTH B paM Kax TOH HJIH HHOH coqHaJibHOH o6HOCTH H o6ecTBa B qeJIOM. CaMo no ce6e HaJIH'fHe 3THX COQHOKYJibTYPHbI X 3JieMeHTOB ee He o6ecne'fHBa eT tj:>yHKQHOHHpOBaHHe COQHaJibHOro HHCTHTyTa.,lJ;JIH Toro, 'fT06bI OH pa6oTaJI, Heo6xo,;a;HMO, 'fT06bI OHH CTaJIH;a;ocTOHHHeM BHyTpeHHero MH pa JIH'fHOCTH, 6bIJIH HHTepHaJIH30BaHbl HMH B npoqecce COQHaJIH3aQHH, BOnJIOTHJIHCb B Q:>opMy COQHaJibHbIX poJieH H CTaTycoB. lilHTepHaJIH3a HH HH,;a;HBH,;a;aMH ecex COHOKYJILTYPHblX:meMeHTOB, Q:>opMHpOBaHHH Ha HX OCHOBe CHCTeMbl noTpe6HOCTei1: JIH'fHOCTH, QeHHOCTHbIX opHeHTa QHj1: H O:>KH,;a;aHHH HBJI.ReTCH BTOpbIM Ba:>KHeMllIHM 3JieMeHTOM HHCTHTY QHOHaJIH3aQHH.TpeTbHM BamHei1:mHM sJieMeHTOM HHCTHTYQHOHaJIH3a QHH HBJI.ReTCH opraHH3aQHOHHOe otj:>opMJieHHe COQHaJibHOrO HHCTHTyTa. BHellIHe COQHaJibHbIH HHCTHTYT npe;a;cTaBJI.ReT co6oi1: coBoKynHocTb JIHQ, yqpem;a;eHHH, CHa6meHHbIX onpe,;a;eJieHHbIMH MaTepHaJibHbIMH cpe,;a;CTBaMH H BbIIlOJIHHIOHMH onpe;a;eJieHHyIO COQHaJibHYIO tj:>yHKQHIO. TaK, HHCTHTYT BbIClliero o6pa30BaHHH COCTOHT H3 onpe;a;eJieHHOH COBO KynHOCTH JIHQ: npeno;a;aBaTeJiei1:, o6cJiy:>KHBaro ero nepcoHaJia, 'fHHOB HHKOB, KOTOpbie;a;ei1:CTBYIOT B paMKax TaKHX yqpem;a;eHHH, KaK BY3bl, MHHHCTepCTBO HJIH fOCKOMHTeT no BbICllieM llIKOJie H T.;a;., KOTOpbie,;a;JIH CBOeH;a;eHTeJibHOCTH pacnoJiaraIOT onpe;a;eJieHHbIMH MaTepHaJibHbIMH QeHHOCTHMH (3,;a;aHHHMH, tj:>HHaHcaMH H T.;a;.). l1TaK, Ka:>K,;a;bIH COQHaJibHbI H HHCTHTYT xapaKTepH3yeTCH HaJIH 'IHeM eJIH CBOeH,;a;eHTeJibHOCTH, KOHKpeTHbIMH tj:>yHKQHHMH, o6ecne 'fHBaIOHMH;a;ocTH:>KeHHe TaKOH QeJIH, Ha6opoM COQHaJibHbIX n03HQHH H poJieH, THnH'fHbIX,;a;JIH;a;aHHOro HHCTHTyTa. Ha OCHOBe BCero BbillieH3- JIO:>KeHHOro, MO:>KHO;a;aTb CJie;a;yro ee onpe;a;eJieHHe COQHaJibHOro HH CTHTyTa. CouaJI&H&Ie HHCTHTYThl -aTo opraHH30BaHH&Ie o6'heAHHe HHH JIIOAeH, BblUOJIHHIOHX onpeAeJieHHble COHaJibHO 3Ha'IHMble QJYHKHH,o6ecne'IHBalOHe COBMeCTHOe AOCTH'.meH He eJieH na OCHO ee Bb DOJIHHeMblX 'IJieHaMH CBOHX COHaJibHb X poJieH,3aAaBaeMb X COHaJibHblMH eHHOCTHMH,HOpMaMH u:o6pa3aMH UOBeAeHHJL
2 Buabt u cfiyHKtj-UU COtj-UMbHbtX uHcmumymoa KamIH HHCTHTYT BbIIlOJIH.ReT CBOIO, xapaKTepHyIO,;a;JIH Hero COQHaJibH)7IO tj:>yHKQHIO. CoBOKYnHOCTb 3THX coQHaJibHbIX tj:>yttKQHH cKJiaIBaeTcH B o6- He COQHaJibHbie tj:>yHKQHH COQHaJibHbIX HHCTHTYTOB KaK onpe,;a;eJieHHbIX BH,;a;OB COQHaJibHOH CHCTeMbI.3TH tj:>yHKQHH O'feHb MHoroo6pa3HbI.COQHOJIO mpa3HbIX HanpaBJieHHH CTpeMHJIHCb KaK-TO KJiaCcHtj:>HQHpOBaTb HX, npe;a; CTaBHTb B BH,;a;e onpe,;a;eJieHHOie ynopH,;a;O'feHHOH CHCTeMbI.HaH60Jiee noJI- HYJO M MHTepecHylO KJiaCCMCpMKaQMIO npe,n;cTaBMJia TaK Ha3bIBaeMa.R «HH CTHOHaJlhHaJI UJKOJia». Ipe,n;cTaBMTeJIM MHCTMTYQMOHaJibHOM lllKOJibl B COQMOJIOrMM (C. JlMnceT,)l. Jla6epr M,n;p.) BbeJIMJIM 'leTbipe OCHOBHblX cpyHKQMM COQMaJibHbIX MHCTMTyTOB: 1) BocnpOM3BO,Zl;CTBO 'IJieHOB o6I.QeCTBa. fJiaBHbIM MHCTMTYTOM, BbIIlOJIH.RlOI.QMM 3TY cpYffKQMIO,.RBJI.ReTC.R ceMb.R, HO K He:i1: npM'laCTHbl M,n;pyr11e COQMaJibHbie MHCTMTYTbI,TaKMe, KaK rocy,n;apcT BO. 2) Coq11aJI113aQM.R -nepe,n;aqa MBaMM ycTaHOBJieHHbIX B,n;aHHoM o6I.QeCTBe o6pa3QOB IlOBe,n;eHM.R M cnoco6oB,n;eHTeJibHOCTM -MHCTMTYTbl ceMbM, o6pa30BaHM.R, peJIMfMM M,n;p. 3) lpOH3BO,Zl;CTBO M pacnpe,n;eJieHMe. 06ecne'IMBalOTC.R 3KOHOMM'leCKO-COQMaJibHbIMM MHCTMTyTaMM ynpaBJie HM.R M KOHTpOJI.R -opraHbl BJiaCTM. ct>yHKQMM ynpaBJieHM.R M KOHTPOJI.R ocy I.QeCTBJiffiOTC.R qepe3 CMCTeMy COQMaJibHblX HOpM M npecaHMM, peaJIM3Y lOI.QMX COOTBeTCTBYIOI.QMe TMilbl IlOBe,n;eHM.R: MopaJibHbie M npaBOBbie HOp MbI,06b1'laM, a,n;MMHMCTpaTMBHbie peweHM.R 11T.,n;. Coq11aJ1bHb1e MHCTMTYTbI ynpaBJI.RlOT noBe,n;eHMeM MMBM,n;a qepe3 CMCTeMy IlOOI.QpeHHM M caHKQMM. CoqMaJibHbi e MHCTMTYThl OTJIM'lalOTC.R,n;pyr OT.n;pyra CBOMMM cpyHKQMOHaJibHbl MM Ka'leCTBaMM: 1) 3KOHOMM'lecKo-coq11aJibHbi e MHCTMTYTbI-co6cTBeHHOCTb, 06- MeH,,n;eHbfM, 6aHKM, X03.RMCTBeHHbi e 06"be,Z1;MHeHM.R pa3JIM'IHOro TMna - o6ecne'IMBalOT BCIO COBOKYil HOCTb npOM3BO,Zl;CTBa M pacnpe,n;eJieHM.R o6I.QeCTBeHHOro 6oraTCTBa, coe,n;MH.R.R, BMeCTe c TeM, 3KOHOMM'leCKYIO jl(M3Hb c,n;pyrMMM ccpepaMM COQMaJibHOM jl(M3HM. 2) lO.JIMTM'leCKMe MHCTMTYTbl -rocy,n;apCTBO, napTHM, npocpcoro- 3bl 11,n;pyroro po,n;a o6I.QeCTBeHHbi e opraHM3aQMM, npecJie,n;yJOI.QMe noJIM TM'leCKMe QeJIM, HanpaBJieHHbie Ha ycTaHOBJieHMe 11 no,n;,n;epmaH11e onpe ,n;e.JieHHo:i1: cpopMbl IlOJIMTM'leCKOM BJiaCTM. Vlx COBOKYilHOCTb COCTaBJI.ReT IlOJIMTM'leCKYIO CMCTeMy,n;aHHOro o6I.QeCTBa. lOJIMTM'leCKMe MHCTMTYTbl o6ecne'IMBalOT BocnpOH3BO,Zl;CTBO M ycTOM'IMBOe coxpaHeHMe 11,n;eoJIOrM 'leCKMX QeHHOCTe:i1:, CTa6MJIM3MPYIOT,Zl;OMMHMPYIOI.QMe B o6I.QeCTBe COQM aJibHO-KJiaccOBbi e CTPYKTYPbI. 3) CoQMOKYJibTYPHbie 11 BOCilMTa·reJibHbie MHCTMTYTbI cTaB.RT qe JiblO OCBOeHMe M IlOCJie,n;yJOI.Qee BOCnpOH3BO,ll;CTBO KYJibTYPHb X M COQM a.JibHbl X QeHHOCTe:i1:, BK.JIIO'leHMe MH,ll;MBM,ll;OB B onpe,n;eJieHHYIO cy6KyJlb Typy, a TaKme coq11a.JIM3aQMIO MH,Zl;MBM,n;OB qepe3 ycBoeHMe ycTOM'IMBbIX COQMOKYJibTYPHb X CTaH,n;apTOB noBe,n;eHM.R M, HaKOHeQ, 3aI.QMTY onpe,n;e JieHHbIX QeHHOCTeM M HOpM. 4) HopMaTMBHo-op11eHTHpy10I.QMe -MexaHM3MbI MopaJibH0-3TM'le cKo:i1: opMeHTaQMM peryJI.RQMM IlOBe,n;eHM.R MMBM,ll;OB. Vlx QeJib -np11,n;aTb IlOBe,n;eHMIO M MOTMBaQMM HpaBCTBeHHYIO apryMeHTaQMIO, 3TM'leCKYIO oc HOBy. 3TM MHCTMTYTbl YTBepm,n;alOT B coo6I.QeCTBe MMnepaTMBHbie o6I.Qe'le JIOBe'leCKMe QeHHOCTM, cneqMaJibHbie KO,n;eKCbl M 3TMKY IlOBe,n;eHM.R. 5) HopMaTMBHo-caHKQMOHHpyroI.QMe - 06I.QeCTBeHHo-coq11aJib HY10 peryJI.RQMIO IlOBe,n;eHM.R Ha OCHOBe HOpM, npaBMJI M npe,n;nMCaHMM, 3a KpenJieHHb X B lOpM,ll;M'leCKMX M a,n;MMHMCTpaTMBH bIX aKTax. 06.R3aTeJib HOCTb HOpM o6ecne'IMBaeTC.R npHHy,n;MTeJibHOM caHKQMeM. 6) UepeMOHMaJibHO-CMMBOJIM'l eCKMe 11 c11TyaQMOHHO-KOHBeHQMO HaJibHb1e MHCTMTYTbl.3TM MHCTMTYTbl OCHOBaHbl Ha 6oJiee MJIM MeHee,ll;JIM TeJibHOM npHH.RTMM KOHBeHQMOHaJibHbIX (no,n;oroBopy) HOpM, MX ocpHQM- COl..IMMbHble MHCTMryTbl 99 aJibHOM H Heocpm HaJibHOM 3aKpenJieHHH. 8TH HOpMbl peryJIHpyIOT no Bce,n;HeBHbie KOHTaKTbI,paaH006paaHb1e aKTbIrpynnoBoro HMe:mrpynno Boro noBe,n;eHHH.0HH onpe,n;eJIHIOT nopH,n;OK H cnoco6 B3aHMHoro noBe,n;e HHH, perJiaMeHTHPYIOT MeTO,ll;bl nepe,n;aqH H o6MeHa HHcpOpMaQHeH, npHBeTCTBH.fI, o6pam;eHH.fI H T.,n;., perJiaMeHT co6paHHH, aace,n;aHHH,,n;eH TeJibHOCTb KaKHX-TO o6'be,n;HHeHHH. HapyllleHHe HOpMaTHBHoro B3aHMo,n;etfcTBHH c coqHaJibHOH cpe ,n;otf, B KaqecTBe KOTOpOH BbICTynaeT o6m;ecTBO HJIH coo6m;ecTBO, Ha3bl BaeTC.fI µ;uccpyHKD;HCH COD;lfaJILHOro HHCTHTyTa. KaK OTMeqaJIOCb paHee, OCHOBOH cpopMHpOBaHH.fI H cpyHKQHOHHpOBaHH.fI KOHKpeTHOro COQHaJib HOro HHCTHTyTa.fIBJI.fleTC.fI y,n;OBJieTBOpeHHe TOH HJIH HHOH COQHaJibHOH noTpe6HOCTH. B ycJIOBH.Rx HHTeHCHBHoro npoTeKaHHH 06m;ecTBeHHb1x npoqeccoB, ycKopeHH.fI TeMnOB COQHaJibHbIX nepeMeH MO:>KeT B03HHK HYTb CHTyaQH.fI, Kor,n;a H3MeHHBIIrnec.R o6m;ecTBeHHbi e Il0Tpe6HOCTH He Haxo,n;HT a,n;eKBaTHOro OTpa:meHH.fI B CTPYKType H cpyHKQH.fIX COOTBeTCT ByIOIJ.l;HX COQHaJibHbIX HHCTHTYTOB. B peayJibTaTe B HX,n;e.RTeJibHOCTH MO:>KeT B03HHKHYTb,n;HccpyHKQH.fI. c co,n;ep:maTeJibHOH TOqKH apeHH.fI, ,n;HccpyHKQH.fI Bbipa:maeTC.fI B He.fICHOCTH QeJieH,n;eHTeJibHOCTH HHCTHTY Ta, Heonpe,n;eJieHHOCTH cpyHKQHH, B na,n;eHHH ero COQHaJibHOro npeCTH:ma H aBTOpHTeTa, Bbipo:m,n;eHHH ero OT,n;eJibHbIX cpyHKQHH B «CHMBOJIHqec KYIO», pHTyaJibHYIO,n;e.RTeJibHOCTb, TO eCTb,n;e.RTeJibHOCTb, He HanpaB JieHHYIO Ha,ll;OCTH:>KeHHe paQHOHaJibHOH QeJIH. 0,n;HHM H3.fIBHbIX Bbipa:meHHH,n;HCcpYffKQHH COQHaJibHOro HHCTHTY Ta HBJI.fleTc.R nepcoHaJIH3aQHH ero,n;e.RTeJibHOCTH.CoqHaJlbHbIHHHCTHTYT, KaK H3BeCTHO, cpYffKQHOHHpyeT no CBOHM, o6'beKTHBHO,n;eHCTBYIOIJ.l;HM Me xaHH3MaM, r,n;e Ka:>K,ll;bIH qeJIOBeK, Ha OCHOBe HOpM H o6pa3QOB IlOBe,n;eHH.fI, B COOTBeTCTBHH co CBOHM CTaTycoM, HrpaeT onpe,n;eJieHHbie poJin. Iepco HaJIH3aQH.fI COQHaJibHOro HHCTHTyTa 03HaqaeT, qTo OH nepecTaJI,n;eHCTBO BaTb B COOTBeTCTBHH c o6'beKTHBHblMH IlOTpe6HOCT.fIMH H 06'beKTHBHO yc TaHOBJieHHbIMH QeJI.fIMH, MeH.fl.fI CBOH cpyHKQHH B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT HHTepe COB OT,n;eJibHbIX JIHQ, HX nepcoHaJibHblX KaqecTB H CBOHCTB. Hey,n;oBJieTBopeHHa.R o6m;ecTBeHHa.R noTpe6HOCTb Mo:meT BbI- 3BaTb K:>KH3HH CTHXHHHOe IlO.fIBJieHHe HOpMaTHBHO HeyperyJIHpOBaH HbIX BH,ll;OB,n;eHTeJibHOCTH, CTpeM.fIIJ.l;HXC.fI BOCilOJIHHTb,n;HccpyHKQHIO HH CTHTyTa, o,n;HaKO aa cqeT HapyllleHH.fI cym;eCTBYIOIJ.l;HX HOpM H npaBHJI. B CBOHX KpaHHHX cpopMax aKTHBHOCTb no,n;o6Horo po,n;a MO:>KeT Bbipa :maTbC.fI B npoTHBonpaBHOH,n;eHTeJibHOCTH. TaK,,n;HccpyHKQHH HeKOTO pbIX 3KOHOMHqecKHX HHCTHTYTOB.fIBJI.ReTC.fI npHqHHOH cym;ecTBOBaHH.fI TaK Ha3bIBaeMOH «TeHeBOH 3KOHOMHKH», BbIJIHBaeTC.fI B cneKyJIHQHIO, B3.fITOqHHqecTBO, Kpa:mH HT. n.J1cnpaBJieHHe,n;HccpyHKQHH MO:>KeT 6bITb ,ll;OCTHfHYTO H3MeHeHHeM caMoro COQHaJibHOro HHCTHTyTa HJIH:me coa,n;a HHeM HOBOro COQHaJibHOro HHCTHTyTa, y,n;OBJieTBOp.Rrom;ero,n;aHHYIO 06- m;ecTBeHHYIO IlOTpe6HOCTb. J1ccJie,n;oBaTeJIH BbI,ZJ;eJI.fIIOT,n;Be cpopMbl cym;eCTBOBaHH.fI COQHaJib HbIX HHCTHTYTOB: npocTyIO H CJIO:»<:HyIO. lpOCTble COD;IU JILHb e HHCTHTY TLI-opraHH30BaHHbie o6'be,ll;HHeHH.fI JIIO,n;etf, KOTOpbie BbIIlOJIH.fIIOT on pe,n;eJieHHbie COQHaJibHO 3HaqHMbie cpyHKQHH, o6ecneqHBaIOm;He COBMe CTHOe,ll;OCTH:>KeHHe QeJieH Ha OCHOBe BbIIlOJIHeHH.fI qJieHaMH HHCTHTyTa CB011X COl.\11aJibHblX poJieH, o6ycJIOBJieHHblX COl.\HaJibHbIM11 l.\eHHOCTRM11, 11p;eaJiaM11, HOpMaM11. Ha 3TOM ypOBHe ynpaBJifllOl.l.\afl C11CTeMa He BbI,ZJ;e JI11JiaCb s caMOCTORTeJihHYJO c11cTeMy. Col.\11aJibHbie l.\eHHOCT11, 11p;eaJibI, HOpMbl caM11 o6ecne•rnsalOT ycTOH'i11BOCTb cyl.l.\eCTBOBaH 11fl 11 cpyHKl.\110- H11pOBaH11fl COl.\11aJibHOro 11HCT11TyTa.
3 Ce.Mbst 1cax; ea:HCneuiuuu COtfUa.tl.bttbLU uncmumym
KJiacc11qecK11M np11MepoM npocToro COl.\11aJibHOro 11HCT11TyTa flBJifleTCfl 11HcT11TyT ceMb11. A. r. Xapqes onpep;eJIReT ceMLIO KaK ocnoeauuoe ua 6paKe HKpOBHOM pO)J.CTBe o6'be)J.HHeHJte JIIO)J.eH,CBH3311HOe 06lQHOCThlO 6L1Ta HB3aHMHOH OTBeTCTBenuocTLIO. IepsoHa'iaJibHYJO ocHosy ceMew HbIX OTHOIIIeH11H COCTaBJifleT 6paK. BpaK -3TO 11CTOp11'ieCK11 MeHRIOl.l.\a flCfl COl.\11aJibHafl cpopMa OTHOIIIeH11H Memp;y»eeHl.l.\11HOH 11 MY»C'i11HOH, nocpe,D;CTBOM KOTOpOH 061.1.\eCTBO ynopR,Zl;O'i11BaeT 11 caHKl.\110H11pyeT 11X IIOJIOBYIO»C113Hb 11 ycTaHaBJI11BaeT 11X cynpymecK11e 11 pO,D;CTBeHHbi e npasa 11 o6R3aHHOCT11. Ho ceMbR, KaK npas11JI0, npep;cTaBJIReT 6oJiee CJIO»CHYIO CHCTeMy OTHOIIIeH11H, 'ieM 6paK, IIOCKOJibKY OHa MO»eeT o6'be ,Z1;11HflTb He TOJibKO cynpyros, HO 11 11X,ZJ;eTeH, a TaKme p;pyr11x po,D;CTBeH H11KOB. lo3TOMY ceMblO CJiep;yeT paccMaTp11BaTb He npocTO KaK 6pa'iHYIO rpynny' HO KaK COl.\11aJibHbIH 11HCT11TYT' TO eCTb C11CTeMy CBR3eH, B3a11MO ,ZJ;eHCTB11H 11 OTHOIIIeH11H 11H,ZJ;11B11,Zl;OB, BbIIIOJIHfllOl.l.\11X cpyHKl.\1111 socnpo- 11380,Zl;CTBa qeJIOBe'ieCKoro pop;a 11 peryJI11py10l.l.\l1X see CBfl311, B3a11MO ,ZJ;eHCTB11fl 11 OTHOIIIeH11fl Ha OCHOBe onpep;eJieHHbIX l.\eHHOCTeH 11 HOpM, IIO,ZJ;BepmeHHbI X o6III11pHOMy COl.\11aJibHOMY KOHTpOJIIO qepe3 C11CTeMy II0311T11BHbIX 11 HeraT11BHbIX caHKl.\11H. CeMbR KaK COl.\11aJihHb H11HCT11TYT npoxop;11T pR,D; 3Tanos, nocJiep;o saTeJibHOCTb KOTOpbIX CKJia,ZJ;bIBaeTCfl B ceMeHHb H l.\11KJI 11JI11»C113HeHHbIH l.\11KJI ceMb11.J1ccJie,ZJ;OBaTeJI11BbI,ZJ;eJifllOT pa3JI11'iHOe KOJI11'ieCTBO cpa3 3TO ro l.\11KJia, HO rJiaBHbIM11 cpe,D;11 H11X flBJifllOTCfl CJie,ZJ;ylOl.l.\11e: 1) BCTYIIJieH11e s 6paK -06pa3osaH11e ceMb11; 2) Ha'iaJio p;eTopomp;eH11R -pomp;eH11e nepsoro pe6eHKa; 3) OKOH'iaH11e,ZJ;eTopomp;eH11R -pomp;eH11e nocJie,ZJ;He ro pe6eHKa; 4) «IIYCTOe rHe3,ZJ;O» -BCTYIIJieH11e B 6paK 11Bb,ZJ;eJieH11e113 ce Mb11 IIOCJie,ZJ;Hero pe6eHKa; 5) npeKpal.l.\eH11e c yl.l.\eCTBOBaH11fl ceMb11 -cMepTb O,ZJ;Horo 113 cynpyros. Ha Kamp;oM 3Tane ceMbR o6Jiap;aeT cnel.\11- cp11qecK11M11 COl.\11aJibHblM1111 3KOHOM11'ieCK11M11 xapaKTep11CT11KaMH. B COl.\l10Jior1111 ceMb11 np11HRTbITaK11e 061.1.\11e np11Hl.\l1IIbIBbI,ZJ;eJie H11R T11IIOB ceMeHHOH opraH113al.\11H. B 3aB11C11MOCT11 OT cpopMbl 6paKa BbI ,ZJ;eJIRIOTCfl MoHoraMHaR 11 noJI11raMHaR ceMb11. MouoraMHaH ceMLH npe p;ycMaTp11saeT cyl.l.\eCTBOBaH11e 6pa'iHOH napbI -Myma 11»eeHbl, IIOJIH raMHaH -11JI11 Mym, 11Jl11»eeHa 11MeeT npaso 11MeTb HeCKOJibKO»eeH 11JI11 My»eeH. B 3aB11C11MOCT11 OT CTpyKTYPbI pO,D;CTBeHHb X CBR3eH Bbl,Zl;eJifllOT Cfl npocTOH, HYKJieapHbIH, 11JI11 CJIO»CHbIH, pacIII11peHHblH T11II ceMb11. HyKJieapuaH ceMbfl npe,D;cTaBJIReT co6ow cynpymecKy10 napy c,ZJ;eTbM11, He COCTOfll.l.\11M11 B 6paKe. EcJI11 HeKOTOpbie 113,ZJ;eTeH B CeMbe COCTORT B 6paKe, TO 06pa3yeTCfl pacIII11peHHaR, 11Jl11 CJIO»eHafl, ceMbfl, BKJilO'ial0- 1.1.\afl B ce6R,ZJ;Ba 11Jl11 6oJiee IIOKOJieH11H. COL.111anbHble 11Hcr111)'Tbl 101 CeMbfl KaK COQJ;iaJibHbIH HHCTHTYT B03HHKJia c cpopMttpoBaHHeM o6eCTBa. lpoQeCC cpopMHpOBaHHfl H cpyHKQHOHHpOBaHHfl CeMbH o6yc JIOBJieH QeHHOCTHO-HopMaTHBHbI MH peryJIRTopaMH. TaKHMH, HanpHMep, KaK yxamHBaHHe, Bbr6op 6pa•rnoro napTHepa, ceKcyaJibHbIMH CTaHAap TaMH noBeAeHHR, HopMaMH, KOTOpbIMH pyKoBOACTBYIOTCR meHa H Mym, poAHTeJIH H AeTH HT.A·, a TaKme caHKQHH aa ux HeBbIIlOJIHeHue. 3TH QeH HOCTH, HOpMbI H caHKQHH npeACTaBJiflIOT co6oi1: npHHRTYIO B AaHHOM 06- eCTBe HCTOpH'IeCKH H3MeHRIOyIOCfl cpopMy OTHOilleHHH Me:>KAY Mym 'IHHOH H:>KeHHHOH, nocpeACTBOM KOTOpoi1: OHH ynopRAO'IHBaIOT H caHK QHOHHPYIOT HX IlOJIOBYIO:>KH3Hb H ycTaHaBJIHBaIOT HX cynpymecKHe, poAHTeJibCKHe H HHbre poACTBeHHbre npaBa H o6naaHHOCTH. Ha nepBbIX 3Tanax pa3BHTHR o6eCTBa OTHOilleHHfl Me:>KAY Mym 'IHHOH H:>KeHHHOH, CTaplllHMH H MJiaAlllHMH IlOKOJieHHflMH peryJIHpOBa JIHCb nJieMeHHbIMH H poAOBbIMH uobI'IaRMH, npeACTaBJIRBlllHMH co6oi1: CHHKpeTH'IeCKHe HOpMbI H o6pa3QbI noBeAeHHfl, 6a3HpOBaBnrnecn Ha pe JIHrH03HbIX H HpaBCTBeHHbIX npeACTaBJieHHflX. c B03HHKHOBe1rneM rocy AapCTBa peryJittpoBaHHe ceMei1Hoi1:>KH3HH npuo6peJio npaBOBOH xapaK Tep. IOpHAH'IeCKoe ocpopMJieHHe 6paKa HaJiaraJio onpeAeJieHHbie o6naaH HOCTH He TOJibKO Ha cynpyros, HO H Ha rocyAapCTBO, caHKQHOHHpyro ee HX COI03. 0THbIHe COQHaJibHbIH KOHTpOJib H caHKQHH ocyeCTBJlflJIO He TOJib KO o6eCTBeHHOe MHeHHe, HO H rocyAapCTBeHHbie opraHbI. OcHOBHaR, nepBan cpyHKQHfl ceMbH, KaK CJieAyeT H3 onpeAeJieHH.H: A. r.Xap'IeBa, penpOAYitTHBHan, TO eCTb 6HOJIOrH'IeCKOe BOCnpOH3BOA CTBO HaceJieHHfl B o6rQeCTBeHHOM nJiaue H YAOBJieTBOpeHHe Il0Tpe6HOC TH B AeTnx -B JIH'IHOCTHOM rrJiaHe. HapRAY c 3Toi1 OCHOBHOH cpyHKQHei1 ceMbfl BbIIlOJIHReT ee PRA Apyrux Ba:>KHb X COQHaJibHbIX cpyHKQHi1: a) BOCilHTaTeJlbIIan -COQHaJIH3aJJ;Hfl MOJIOAOro ITOKOJieHHfl, IlOA AepmaHHe KYJibTypHoro BocrrpoH3BOACTBa o6ecTBa; 6) X03HHCTBeIIH0-6b TOBan- IlOAAepmaHHe cpH3H'IecKoro 3AOPO Bbfl 'IJieHOB o6eCTBa, yxoA 3a AeTbMH H rrpecTapeJ bIMH 'IJieHaMH ceMbH; B) 3KOHOMH'leCKan -rroJiy'IeHHe MaTepHaJibHLtX cpeACTB OAHHX 'IJieHoB ceMblf AJIR APYrHx, 3KOHOMH'IecKan ITOAAepmKa HecoBepmeH HOJieTHHX H HeTPYAOCITOC06HbI X 'IJieHOB o6eCTBa; r) ccpepa nepBH'IHOro COIVfaJibHOro KOHTpOJIH -MopaJibHafl per JiaMeHTaQHfl IlOBeAeHHfl 'IJieHOB ceMbH B pa3JIH'IHbIX ccpepax:>KH3HeAe flTeJibHOCTH, a TaK:>Ke perJiaMeHTaQHfl OTBeTCTBeHHOCTH H o6naaTeJibCTD B OTHOilleHHRX Me:>KAY cyrrpyraMH, pOAHTeJIRMH H AeTbMH, rrpeACTaBH TeJIRMH CTaplllero H cpeAHero IlOKOJieHHtt; A) AYXOB11oro 061.QeIIHH -pa3BHTHe JIH'IHOCTeii 'IJieHOB ceMbH, AYXOBHoe B3aHMoo6oraeHue; e) COQHaJILuo-cTaTycuan - rrpeAOCTaBJieHHe orrpeAeJieHHoro co QHaJibHoro CTaTyca 'IJieHaM ceMbH, BocnpOH3BOACT-BO COQHaJibHOH CTPYKTYPb; m) AOCyronan -opraHH3aQHfl paQHOHaJibHOro AOCyra, B3aHMO o6oraeHHe HHTepecoB; 3) 3MOQHOHaJILHan - noJiy'IeHHe ITCHXOJIOrH'IeCKOH 3aHTbI, 3MOQHOHaJibHOH ITOAAep:>KKH, 3MOQHOHaJibHafl CTa6HJIH3aQHfl HHAHBH AOB H HX ITCHXOJIOrH'IeCKafl TeparrHfl. ,[{JIR noHMMaHMR ceMbM KaK co1µtaJibHOro.MHCTMT)'Ta 60JibUIOe 3Ha"!e HJ1e MMeeT aHaJIJ13 poJieBbIX OTHomemrn B ceMbe. CeMeHu:rui poJlh -O.z:µ1'.H 113 BM,ll;OB COQMaJibHbIX poJiett qeJioBeKa B o6I..QeCTBe. CeMettHbre poJIJ1onpe,n;eJIH IOTCR MeCTOM J1cpyttKQMRMMMH,ZJ;mrn,n;a B ceMeMHOM rpynne J1no,n;pa3,n;eJIReMo CTJ1 B nepBYJO oqepe,n;b Ha cynpy:mecKMe (:meHa, My:m), po,Lµ1TeJibCKMe (MaTb, OTeQ),,n;eTCKMe (CbIH,,ll;O"lb, 6paT, cecTpa), Me:mnOKOJieHHbie J1 BHJTpMnOKO JieHHbie (,n;e,n;, 6a6Ka; cTapml1M, MJia,n;m11w) 11 T.,n;. J1cnoJIHeH11e ceMewHow poJIJ1 3aBJ1CJ1T OT BbIIlOJIHeHMR pR,n;a ycJIOBMM, npem,n;e BCero, OT npaBMJlbHOro cpop MHpoBaHMR poJieBoro o6pa3a. J1H.n;MBM,n;,n;oJimeH "leTKO npe,n;cTaBJIRTb ce6e, "!TO 3Hat:(J1T 6bITb My:meM J1JIJ1:meHOM, CTapUIHMB ceMbe J1JIJ1 MJia,ll;UIJ1M, KaKO ro noBe,n;eHMR:lK,ll;YT OT Hero, KaKMe npaBJ1Jla, HOpMbI.z:µ1'.KTyeT eMy TO J1JIJ1 MHOe noBe,n;eHMe. ,[{JIR Toro, "!T06br c<PoPMYJ1J1POBaTb o6pa3 cBoero noBe,n;eHMn, MH ,n;MBM,n;,ll;OJI:lKeH TO"IHO onpe,n;eJIMTb CBOe MeCTO J1 MeCTO,n;pyr11x B poJieBOM CTPYKTYPe ceMbM. Hanp11Mep,Mo:meT JIM OH 11cnoJIHRTb poJib rJiaBbI ceMbM, BO o6I..Qe MJIJ1,B qacTHOCTM, rJiaBHOro pacnopeJIR MaTepMaJlbHOro,ll;OCTORHMR ceMbM. B 3TOM nJiaHe HeMaJioBa:mHoe 3Ha"!eHMe MMeeT corJiacoBaHHOCTb TOM J1JIJ1 MHOM poJIJ1 c JIM"IHOCTbIO MCnOJIHMTeJIR. qeJIOBeK co CJia6bIMJ1 BOJieBbIMM Ka"leCTBaMM, XOTR J1 CTapUIHM no B03pacry B ceMbe J1JIJ1,n;a:me no poJieBOMY CTaTycy, Hanp11Mep, My:lK,,n;aJieKO He no,n;oM,n;eT K pOJIJ1 rJiaBbI CeMbM B COBpe MeHHbIX ycJIOBMRX. ,[{JIR ycneUIHOro cpopMHpOBaHMR ceMbM HeMaJIOBa:lKHOe 3Ha"leHMe TaK:me MMeeT "lyBCTBMTeJibHOCTb K CMTyaQMOHHbIM Tpe6oBaHMRM ceMeMHOM poJIM J1 CBR3aHHaR c Hett rn6KOCTb poJieBoro noBe,n;eHMR, KOTOpan npORBJIReTCR B cnoco6HOCTJ1 6e3 oco6bIX 3aTpy,n;HeHMM BbIXO,ll;MTb 113 O,n;HOM poJIM, BKJIIO"laTbCR B HOBYIO cpa3y, KaK 3Toro noTpe6yeT CMTyaQMJl. Hanp11- Mep,TOT J1JIJ1MHOM6oraTbrM t:(JleH ceMbM HrpaJIpOJib MarepHaJibHOro noKpOBM TeJI.R,n;pyrmc ee <LJieHoB, HO ero cp11HaHCOBoe noJio:meH11e M3MeHJ1Jloch, 11M3Me HeH11e c11ryaQ1111cpa3y:me Tpe6yeT M3MeHeHMR ero poJ1J1. PoJieBbre OTHOI..I..IeHMR B ceMbe, 06pa3y10I..Q11ecn np11 BbIIlOJIHeHMM onpe,n;eJieHHbIX cpyHKQMM, MOryT xapaKTepM30BaTbCR poJieBb M corJia CHeM MJIM poJieBb M KOHQ>JIHKTOM. CoQMOJior11 OTMe<JaIOT, "!TO poJieeoii KOHQ>JIHKT "laI..Qe BCero npORBJIReTCR KaK: 1) KOHcpJIMKT poJieBbIX o6pa- 30B, "!TO CBR3aHO c HenpaBMJibHbIM MX cpopMHpoBaHMeM y O,ll;HOrO J1JIJ1 He CKOJibKMX "IJieHOB ceMbM; 2) Me:mpoJieBOM KOHcpJIHKT, np11 KOTOpOM npo TJ1BOpeq11e 3aJio:meHO B npOTMBOnOJIO:lKHOCTM poJieBbIX o:m11,n;aHMM, MC XO,ll;RI..QMX 113 pa3HbIX poJiew. TaKoro po,n;a KOHcpJIHKTbI Ha6JI10,n;a10Tcn '.J:aCTO B MHOronOKOJieHHbIX ceMbRX, r,n;e cynpyr11 BTOporo noKOJieHMR o,n; HOBpeMeHHO RBJIRIOTCR J1,n;eTbMM J1 po,n;11TeJIRMJ1 J1,ll;OJl:lKHbI COOTBeTCT BeHHO co"leTaTb npoT11BonoJIO:mHbre poJI11; 3) BHyTp11poJieBow KOHcpJIHKT, np11 KOTOpOM o,n;Ha pOJib BKJIIO"laeT B ce6n npOTMBope"IMBbie Tpe6oBaHMR. B coBpeMeHHOM ceMbe TaKoro po,n;a npo6JieMbI 6brnaIOT "laI..Qe Bcero np11- cyI..Q11:meHCKOM pOJIM. 3TO OTHOCMTCR K CJiy"laRM, KOr,n;a pOJib:meHI..QMHbI npe,n;ycMaTpMBaeT CO"leTaHMe Tpa,n;MQMOHHOM:meHCKOM pOJIM B ceMbe (X03RMKM, BOCnMTaTeJibHMQbI,n;eTeM, yxo,n;a 3a "IJieHaMM ceMbM J1 T.,n;.) c coBpeMeHHOM pOJibIO, npe,n;noJiaraIOI..Qeif paBHoe yqacT11e cynpyroB B 06ecne"leH1111 ceMbM MaTep11aJibllbIMM cpe,n;CTBaM11. KoHcpJIMKT Mo:meT yrJiy611TbCR, ecJIM:meHa 3aHMMaeT 6oJiee Bbrco KMM CTaTyc B COQMaJibHOM J1JIJ1 npocpeccMOHaJibHOM ccpepe J1 nepeHOCMT poJieBbie cpyHKQJ1J1 CBoero CTaTyca BO BHYTPMCeMeMHbi e OTHOUieHMR. Coui.tanbHble i.tHCTi.tTYfbl 103 Bnoo6HbIX CJIa.Rx O'leHb Ba:nrna cnoco6HocTb cynpyroB K n16K0My ne peKmo'leHHlO poJieH. Oco6oe MecTo cpeH npenocb JIOK poJieBoro KOH cpJIHKTa 3aHHMalOT TPY HOCTH c ncHXOJIOrH'leCKHM OCBOeHHeM poJIH, CB.R3aHHbi e c TaKHMH oco6eHHOCT.flMH JIH'IHOCTeH cynpyroB, KaK Heo CTa TO'IHa.fl MOpaJibHa.R " 3MOQHOHaJibHa.fl 3peJIOCTb, HenorOTOBJieH HOCTb K HCilOJIHeHHlO cynpymeCKHX H, B oco6eHHOCTH, poHTeJibCKHX po JieH. HanpHMep, eByurna, BbIH.fl 3aMym, HHKaK He xo'leT nepeJiomHTb Ha CBOH nJie'IH X03.flHCTBeHH bie 3a60TbI CeMbH HJIH poHTb pe6eHKa, IlbI TaeTC.fl BeCTH npemHHH o6pa3 jf(J13HH, He IlO'IHH.fl.flCb TeM orpaHH'leHH .flM, KOTOpbie HaKJiabIBaeT Ha Hee pOJib MaTepH, "T.. B coBpeMeHHOM o6ecTBe Ha6JiroaeTc.R npoQecc ocJia6JieHH.fl ce MbH KaK COQHaJibHOro HHCTHTyTa, J13MeHeHHe ee COQHaJibHbI X cpyHKQHH, HepoJieBbIX ceMeHHbIX OTHOll!eHHH. CeMb.fl yTpa'IHBaeT CBOH BeyHe Il03HQHH B COQHaJIH3aQHH HHHBHOB, B opraHH3aQHH ocyra " pyrHx BamHeHllIHX cpyHKQH.RX. TpaHQHOHHbie poJIH, npH KOTOpb1x meHHHa BeJia OMall!Hee X03.RHCTBO, pomaJia " BOCilHTbIBaJia eTeH, a Mym 6bIJI X03.flHHOM, qaCTO eHHOJIH'IHbIM co6CTBeHHHKOM HMyeCTBa, " o6ecne 'IHBaJI 3KOHOMH'l eCKYlO CaMOCTO.RTeJibHOCTb CeMbH, 3aMeHHJIHCb poJie BbIMH, npH KOTOpbIX noaBJI.fllO ee 6oJibllIHHCTBO meHH·H B CTpaHax c xpHCTHaHCKOH H 6yMHHCKOH KYJibTypaMH CTaJIH yqacTBOBaTb B npoH3- BOCTBeHHOH, IlOJIHTH'leCKOH e.RTeJibHOCTH, 3KOHOMH'l eCKOM o6ecneqe HHH ceMbH" npHHHMaTb paBHOe, a HHOra Beyee aCTHe B npHH.RTHH CeMeHHbIX pellleHHH. 3TO cyeCTBeHHO J13MeHHJIO xapaKTep cpyHKQHO HHpoBaHH.fl CeMbH " IlOBJieKJIO 3a co6oH p.R Il03HTHBHbIX " HeraTHBHbIX .fl o6eCTBa IlOCJieCTBHH. cOHOH CTOpOHbI,OHO cnoco6cTBOBaJIO poc TY caMOC03HaHH.R meHHHbI, paBeHCTBa B cynpymecKHX OTHOllleHH.Rx, c pyroj;i CTOpOHbI, ycyry6HJIO KOHcpJIHKTHYlO CHTyaQHlO, B03eHCTBOBaJIO Ha eMorpacpH'leCKOe IlOBeeHHe, npHBO K CHHmeHHlO pomaeMOCTH" yBeJIH'IHBa.fl ypoBeHb CMepTHOCTH. Co1f ua.11:bub;;· pzauu3a.1fUU u C aM OOp2a1-lU 3a1.f UU 1/ 0cH08HbLe ttepmbL COlfUCLAbHOU opzaHU3alfUU 2 / cf>op.11ta.AbHbLe u He<Jjop.11ta.AbHbLe opzaHu3alfUU. B10p01cpamu.R- Ka-IC COlfUCLAbHoe M./l.eHue 3/ Map1CcucmcKoe ytteHue o zocyoapcmee Ka'IC COlfUCLAbHoii opzaHu3alfUU 1C.1taccoao-aHmazoHucmuttec1Cozo o6iq,ecmea. I'ocyoapcmeo u zpa:J1COaHc1Coe o6iq,ecmeo
1 0CH08HbLe ttepmbL COlfUCLAbHOU opzaHU3alfUU Cor.vrnJibHbie HHCTHTYTbI TecHo CB.H3aHbI c COQHaJibHbIMH opraHH3aQH.H MH.MHOrHe COQHOJIOrH Ha3bIBaJOT COQHaJibHbie opraHH3aQHH pa3HOBH HOCTblO COQHaJibHOro HHCTHTYTa -CJIO:iKHbIMH HHCTHTYTaMH. TepMHH «OpraHH3aQH.H» npHMeH.HeTC.H oqeHb I.IIHpOKO. B KH6epHe THKe, 3KOHOMHKe, 6HOJIOrHH, TeXHH'l'.eCKHX HayKax OH BbICTynaeT CHHO HHMOM ynop.H O'l'.eHHOCTH. B COQHOJIOrHH o6'beKTOM ynop.HO'l'.eHHOCTH .H BJI.HIOTC.H HHHBHbl, COQHaJibHbie rpynnbI H 06I.QHOCTH, BKJIJO'l'.eHHbie B COBMeCTHyro e.HTeJibHOCTb H BbIIlOJIH.HIOI.QHe onpeeJieHHbie COQHaJlb Hbie cpyHKQHH. CoQHaJibHa.H opraHH3aQH.H, no A. lil. lpHrO:iKHHy, HMeeT p.H xa paKTepHb X qepT: 1) 0Ha o6JiaaeT eJieBOH npnpop;oH:, nOCKOJibKY C03aeTC.H JI.fl peaJIH3aQHH onpeeJieHHbIX QeJieH H OQeHHBaeTC.H qepe3 QeJieOCTH :iKeHHe. 3To oaHaqaeT, 'l'.TO opraHH3aQH.H npecTaBJI.HeT co6oi1 cpeCTBO H HHCTpyMeHT o6ecneqeHH.H cpyHKQHH o6'beHHeHH.H H perJiaMeHTaQHH noBeeHH.H JIJOeH paHTaKOH eJIH, KOTOpa.H He MO:iKeT 6b Tb OCTHrHy Ta JIIObMH nop03Hb, B OHHO'l'.Ky. 2) PaH ocTmKeHH.H QeJIH qJieHbIopraHH3aQHH BbIHY:iKeHbI pac npeeJIHTbC.H no poJI.HM H CTaTycaM. CJieoBaTeJibHO, COQHaJibHa.H opra HH3aQH.H npecTaBJI.HeT co6oi1CJIOarnyro B3aHMOCB.H3aHHYIO CHCTeMy co JfaJibHhIX Il03HHHH poJieH, KOTOpbie HCnOJIH.HIOTC.H BXO.HI.QHMH B Hee Ïîèñê ïî ñàéòó: |
Âñå ìàòåðèàëû ïðåäñòàâëåííûå íà ñàéòå èñêëþ÷èòåëüíî ñ öåëüþ îçíàêîìëåíèÿ ÷èòàòåëÿìè è íå ïðåñëåäóþò êîììåð÷åñêèõ öåëåé èëè íàðóøåíèå àâòîðñêèõ ïðàâ. Ñòóäàëë.Îðã (0.031 ñåê.) |