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Il pea.M em u ifJy uK/uu 4 ñòðàíèöà

×èòàéòå òàêæå:
  1. I. Ïåðåâåñòè òåêñò. 1 ñòðàíèöà
  2. I. Ïåðåâåñòè òåêñò. 10 ñòðàíèöà
  3. I. Ïåðåâåñòè òåêñò. 11 ñòðàíèöà
  4. I. Ïåðåâåñòè òåêñò. 2 ñòðàíèöà
  5. I. Ïåðåâåñòè òåêñò. 3 ñòðàíèöà
  6. I. Ïåðåâåñòè òåêñò. 4 ñòðàíèöà
  7. I. Ïåðåâåñòè òåêñò. 5 ñòðàíèöà
  8. I. Ïåðåâåñòè òåêñò. 6 ñòðàíèöà
  9. I. Ïåðåâåñòè òåêñò. 7 ñòðàíèöà
  10. I. Ïåðåâåñòè òåêñò. 8 ñòðàíèöà
  11. I. Ïåðåâåñòè òåêñò. 9 ñòðàíèöà
  12. Il pea.M em u ifJy uK/uu 1 ñòðàíèöà

OHaKo np11 pellleH1111 KOHKpeTHbIX npo6JieM o6eCTBeHHOro yc­ TpOHCTBa Memy r.B. lJiexaHOBbIM l1B. 11.JleHl1HblM cyeCTBOBaJIJ1 ce­

pbe3Hble pa3JIJ1'Il1H, KOTOpbie B npeAABep1111 0KT.R6pbCKOH peBOJilOQJ1l1 nepelllJil1 B cTa1110 Henp11M11p11Moti 6opb6b1.TaK Ha3bIBaeMbIH «JieraJib­ HbIH MapKCJ13M» KaK Te'!eH11e COQJ1aJibHOH Mb!CJIJ1 HOCJ1JI BpeMeHHbIH,

COQJ10KYJibTYPHbI H xapaKTep, CBH3aHHblH c YBJie'IeHJ1eM JIJ16epaJibHOH l1HTeJIJIJ1reHQJ1l1 MapKCJ1CTCKJ1Ml1 J1 e.RMJ1 B nep110 KaHyHa peBOJilO­

Ql1l1 1905 - 1907 rr. locJie ee nopameHHH JI116epaJibHaH l1HTeJIJI11reHQl1H

OTOJ.llJia OT MapKCJ13Ma, l1 «JieraJibHbIH MapKCJ13M» npeKpaTJ1JI CBOe cy­ eCTBOBaH11e.

CJieyeT TaKme OTMeTl1Tb, 'ITO B 3TOT nep110 B COQl10JIOr1111

HaKailJIJ1BaeTCH 60JiblllOH cpaKTJ1'IeCKJ1H MaTep11aJI, J.llJia OTpa6oTKa MeTOOB KOHKpeTHO-COQJ10JIOr11qecKoro aHaJIJ13a c l1CilOJib30BaHJ1eM

oc'i'11meHl1H CTaTJ1CTl1Kl1, eMorpacp1111 l1 pyr11x CMemHbIX l1CQJ1Il­ JIJ1H. B 1869 r. BbilllJia B cBeT pa6oTa l13BeCTHoro o6eCTBeHHoro e.RTe­ JIH B. B. Eepeu-<P.1tepoec?Cozo «flo.1to:J1Ceuue pa6011.ezo 1C.1tacca e Poccuu>>.

 


B 3TOH pa6oTe aBTOp 0606ru;11JI 3Ha•rnTeJibHbIH cTaT11CTl1'i ec1mi1: MaTep11- aJI B JIH' Hbie Ha6mo,n;eHl1R, Kaca10ru;11ecR co11aJibHOrO 113KOHOMl1'ieCKOro noJiomeH11R pa6o•rnx 11 KpecTbRH B pa3Jil1'iHblX ry6epH11Rx Pocc1111. 3a­

MeTHblM co6b1T11eM B pa3B11T1111 co11aJibHOH MblCJil1 Pocc1111 6b1Jia,n;Byx­ TOMHaR pa6oTa JO. Hucoua «Cpaeuume.tibtta:i cmamucmU1ca Poccuu u 3anaauoeeponeiicKux zocy aapcme (1878 - 1880 zz.)>>, B KOTopoi1: aBTop npe,n;cTaB11JI 6oraTblH q>aKTl1'iecK11i1 MaTep11aJI o co11aJibHblX npoeccax B nocJiepecpopMHOH,n;epeBHe. BoJibIIIOe BJil1RH11e Ha pa3Bl1THe co110JI0- r1111 B Pocc1111 oKa3aJia ony6JI11KoBaHHaR B 1899 ro,n;y KH11ra B. U.Jieuuua

«Pa3eumue KanumQ.Jl.U3Ma e Poccuu». B nepBblH nep110,n; noRBJIRIOTCR TaKme KpynHble pa6oTbl pocc11i1:cK11x co110JioroB A. Bor,n;aHoBa, B. lliy­ JIRTl1KOBa, II.CopoK11Ha, K.TaxTapeBa, nocBRll.l;eHHble npo6JieMaM co11- aJibHOH CTpaT11cp11Ka 1111, Teop1111 KJiaCCOB.

BTopoi1: nep110,n; pa3BHTl1R co110Jior11qecKoi1: MblCJI11 B Pocc1111 xa­ paKTep113yeTcR HapacTaH11eM npoecca 11HcT11Ty110HaJI113a1111, np11- 06peTeH11eM COl10JIOrl1'ieCKOH HayKOH CTaTyca co11aJibHOro 11HCTl1TyTa. B 1918 - 1919 rr. B IIeTporpa,n;cKOM 11.HpocJiaBCKOM Yffl1Bepc11TeTax 6b1JI11 co3,n;aHbIKacpe,n;pbl co110Jior1111, BBe,n;eHa yqeHaR cTeneHb no co110JI0- r1111. B 1919 r.6b1JI yqpem,n;eH Co110Jior11qecK11i1: 11HCT11TyT. B 1920 r.B IIe­

Tporpa,n;cKOM yH11Bepc11TeTe np11 cpaKyJibTeTe o6ru;ecTBeHHblX HayK 6b1- JIO C03,Zl;aHO COl10JIOrl1'ieCKOe OT,n;eJieH11e, BO rJiaBe KOTOporo CTaJIII11T11-

p11M AJieKcaH,n;poBl1'i CopoK11H (1889 - 1968) - KpynHblH yqeHblH 11 o6ru;ecTBeHHbl H,n;eRTeJib, BHeCIIl11H cyru;ecTBeHHbl H BKJia,n; B pa3B11Tl1e oTe'ieCTBeHHOH 11 M11p0Boi1: co110Jior1111. II.A. CopoK11H -O,n;HH 113 JI11,n;e­

poB rrpaBoro Kpb Jia napT1111 3CepOB, nocJie <I>eBpaJibCKOH peBOJil01111 1917 ro,n;a -ceKpeTa pb KepeHcKoro, c 1920 r.-npocpeccop IIeTporpa,n;­ cKoro yH11Bepc11TeTa, B 1922 r. B q11cJie 6oJibIIIOH rpynnblpocc11i1:cKoi1: l1H­

TeJm11reH1111 no peII1eH1110 UK BKII(6) BblCJiaH 113 Pocc1111 3a rpaH11y. il\11JI 11 pa6oTaJI B ClliA, r,n;e 11 ony6JI11KOBaJI pR,n; KpynHblX pa6oT. O,n;11H 113 po,n;oHa qaJibHl1KOB Teop1111 co11aJibHOH CTpaT11cp11Ka 1111 11 COl1aJib­ HOH M0611JibHOCTl1(06 3Tl1X TeOp11RX peqb noi1:,n;eT no3me B COOTBeTCTBY­ lOll.1;11X pa3,n;eJiax). Ha BTopoM 3Tane npo,n;oJimaeTCR pa3B11T11e TeopeT11- qecKoi1: co110Jior1111. B 20-x ro,n;ax 113,n;aeTCR 06II111pHaR co110Jior11qec­ KaR JI11TepaTypa: Copo1CUtt II.A. «0ctt06bLCOUOJtOZUU» (e 2-x mm., 1922 z.),

Xeocmoe B. M. «OcuoebL couoJ1.ozuu. Y11,euue o 3a1Cotto.Mepuocm:ix 06-

Uf ecmeeuuozo npoecca» (1928 z.), By xapuu H.A. «Teopu:i ucmopu11,ec- 1COZO MamepuQ.Jl.U3.Ma. IIonyJ1.JipttbLU y11,e611.u 1C MapKcucmcKoii couo.!l.o­ zuu» (1922 z.), CQ..11.bLHCKuii M. C. «CoUQ..11.bttaJi:llCU3ttb.!l.'loaeu. Beeaeuue e.MapK cucmcK y10 couoJ1.ozu10» (1923 z.) 11,n;p. OcHOBHaR HanpaBJieH­ HOCTb 3Tl1X pa6oT COCTORJia B BblRBJieHl111 COOTHOIIleHl1R l1CTop1111 pyc­ CKOH COl10JIOr11'ieCKOH MblCJil111 C0110JIOrl111 MapKC113Ma, B CTpeMJieHl111

ccpopMy JI11pOBa Tb op11r11HaJibHYlO COl10JIOr1110 MapKCl13Ma 11 onpe,n;e­ Jil1Tb ee MeCTO B Cl1CTeMe MapKCH3Ma.

HapJI,Zcy c pa3pa6oTKOH TeopeT11'iecKHX BOnpocoB pa3BOpaq11BaJil1Cb 3MID1pl1'ieCKHe cooJiorH'iecKHe 11ccJie,n;oBamm.UeHTpaJibHOe MecTo B HHX 3aHl1MalOT 11CCJie,n;oBaHHR no coaJlbHblM 11 coaJibHO.-nCIDCOJIOrn'i eCK11M

npo6JieMaM TPY,n;a 116b1Ta pa6o-.:rn:x 11KpeCTb.HH. B3TOH o6JiaCTH HaJ16oJiee nJio­

,n;OTBopHopa6oTaJIJ1AK racTeB,c.r.CTPYMJ1JIJ1H, A <I>.il\ypaBcKHi1: 11,n;p.BTOT


me nep110,n; aKTIIBHO paapa6aTbIBaJil1Cb COLl,l1aJibHbie npo6JieMbI ropo,n;a, Hapo­

,n;oHaceJieIDtR l1Mmpal.l,l1l1(H.AHI. HCpHpOB, A ro,n;yJIOB, B.CMYJieBH'i 11,n;p.), co­ l.l,l1aJibHbienpo6JieMbIK)'JibT)TpbI(J1.3aropcKID1,H.TpomioBcKJ.rii, P.E.mi:aapoB).

B 30-x ro,n;ax MapKCl13M OKOH'iaTeJibHO YTBep,n;11JICR B Ka'ieCTBe l1,Z1;eOJIOr11qecKOH OCHOBbI 061.QeCTBa, COQl10JIOrl1R 6bIJia 06-bRBJieHa tj:>HJIO­

cocpcKOH HayKoH. BbIJIO npoBoarJiarneHo, 'iTO «11cTop11qecK11i1 MaTep11a­ Jil13M -3TO l1eCTb COQl10JIOrl1R MapKCl13Ma», 11, CJie,n;oBaTeJibHO, 3Mill1pl1- qecK11e KOHKpeTHO-COQl10JIOr11qecK11e l1CCJie,n;oBaHl1R, KaK HeCOBMeCTl1- Mbie co cneQl1cpl1KOH cp11JiococpcKOH Teop1111, BbIBO,ll;l1Jil1Cb aa npe,n;eJibI

COQl10JIOrnl1.8TO 6b Jia TeopeTl1'ieCKaR npe,n;nOCbIJIKa paarpoMa COQl10JIO­ r111111ee noJIHoro yna,n;Ka B CCCP. IIpaKTl1'iecKaR me npe,n;nocbIJIKa yna,n;­ Ka CBR3aHa c l1,n;eoJior11ei1 TOTaJI11Tap113Ma. CoQl10Jior11qecK11e l1CCJie,n;oBa­

Hl1R, KaK HayqHbie l1CCJie,n;oBaHl1R, on11paIDI.Ql1eCR Ha TO'iHbie cpaKTbI,6b ­ Jil1 He HymHbI TOTaJI11Ta pHoMy pem11My' TaK KaK 0Hl1 BCTynaJil1 B npOTl1BOpe'il1R c nponaraH,n;OH TaK Ha3bIBaeMbIX «COQl1aJil1CTl1'ieCKl1X 3a­ BOeBaHl1H». Haq11HaR c 3Toro BpeMeH11, ocyI.QeCTBJIReTCR l1,n;eoJior11aaQ11R BCeH 061.QeCTBeHHOH ml13Hl1,B TOM 'il1CJie l1HayK11. COQl10JIOrl1R KaK COQl1-

aJibHbIH l1HCTl1TYT noJIHOCTbID npeKpaI.QaeT cBoe cy1.QeCTBOBaH11e. OT­

,n;eJibHbie ee npo6JieMbI pa3Bl1BaIDTCR B paMKax CMemHbIX,Zl;l1CQl1IlJil1H: l1C­ TOp11qecKoro MaTep11aJil13Ma,,n;eMorpacp1111, CTaTl1CTl1Kl1,IlCl1XOJIOrnl1.

Boapom,n;eHHe COLl,l10JIOrHH KaK HaYKl1Ha'iHHaeTCR B KOHQe 50-x -Ha­ qaJie 60-x ro,n;oB, Ha BOJIHe «XpYI.QeBCKOH oTTeneJI11». B 3TOT nep110,n; 6b Jil1 npoBe,n;eHbI MaCllITa6Hbie COQl10JIOr11qeCKl1e l1CCJie,n;oBaHHR no l13yqeHl1ID BJil1RHHR HayqHo-TexH11qecKoro nporpecca Ha coQ11aJibHyID l1npocpecc110- HaJibHyID CTPYKTYPY pa6oTHHKOB, l1X OTHorneHHe K TPY.DY· BoJibrnoe pacnpo­ CTPaHeH11e nOJiyql1JIO«COLl,l1aJibHOe nJiaHHpoBaHHe», cocraBJieHHe nJiaHOB co­ Ql1aJibHOro l1 3KOHOMl1'ieCKOro pa3Bl1Tl1R npOMbillIJieHHbIX npe,n;npl1RTl1H, KOJIX030B l1COBX030B11,n;ame HeKOTOpbIX ropo,n;OB. Bxo,n;e 3THX l1CCJie,n;oBaHHH 6bIJI HaKOnJieH 6oraThrn cpaKTH'iecKJ.rii MaTep11aJI; OTPa6oTaHbI MeTO,n;HKH co­ Ql10JIOrH'iecKoro l1CCJie,n;oBaHHR, np1106peTeHbI HaBbIKl1 npoBe,n;eHHR COLl,l10- JIOrH'ieCKHX l1CCJie,n;oBaHHH 6oJibllIHM KOJIH'iecTBOM COLl,l10JIOI'OB-CaMoyqeK.

B 60-x ro,n;ax COQl10JIOrl1R BHOBb BOCCTaHaBJil1BaeT CTaTyc COQl1-

aJibHOro l1HCTl1TyTa. B cepe,n;11He 1960 ro,n;a 6bIJIO coa,n;aHO nepBoe COQl10- JIOr11qecKoe yqpem,n;eH11e -OT,Zl;eJI COQl10JIOrl1'ieCKl1X l1CCJie,n;oBaHl1H B J1HcT11TyTe cp11Jiococp1111 AH CCCP l1Jia6opaTop11R coQ110JiornqecK11x l1C­

CJie,n;oBaH11i1 np11 JleH11Hrpa,n;cKoM rocyH11Bepc11TeTe. B 1962 ro,n;y 6bIJia

coa,n;aHa CoBeTcKaR coQ110Jior11qecKaR accoQ11aQ11R, a B 1964 ro,n;y Ha cp11- JiococpcKoM cpaKyJibTeTe MrY -Kacpe,n;pa KOHKpeTHo-coQ110JiornqecK11x l1CCJie,n;oBaHl1H.B 1969 ro,n;y 6bIJI coa,n;aH l1HCTl1TYT KOHKpeTHO-COQl10JIO­ r11qecKl1X l1CCJie,n;oBaH11H AH CCCP c oT,n;eJieHl1RMl1 B COID3HbIX pecny6-

JI11Kax l1KpynHbIX per110HaJibHbIX QeHTpax: CBep,n;JIOBCKe, HoBoc11611p­ cKe, JleH11Hrpa,n;e. c 1974 ro,n;a Ha'iaJI Bb XO,Zl;l1Tb cneQl1aJil1311pOBaHHbIH

:>1Cy p1u1.1t "Couo.1to2u'l/.ecKue ucc.1teaoeaHUJ1.». C 1988 r. o6paaoBaHbI coQ11- oJior11qecK11e cpaKyJibTeTbI B MocKOBCKOM, Jien11Hrpa,n;cKoM, CBep,n;JIOB­ CKOM, K11eBCKOM yH11Bepc11TeTax. B HaCTORI.Qee BpeMR cyI.QeCTByeT pR,n;

aKa,n;eM11qecK11x, BY30BCKl1x l1HeaaBl1Cl1MbIX COQl10Jior11qecK11x QeHTpOB, npOBO,n;RI.Ql1X llil1p0Kl1e 3Mill1p11qecK11e l1TeopeTJ.1'ieCKl1e l1CCJie,n;oBaHl1R B caMbIX pa3Jil1'iHb X o6Jiacnnc: 061.QeCTBeHHOH ml13HH.


0s;; mBO

x;ax;?teJLOC m1iasi cucme.Ma

1/ II01aimusi, o6u+ecmea u cucme.M.bt, CO?f Ua.n.bHbtX cesi,aeu, CO?f UCI./l,b1i020 63aUMoaeucm6UR, CO?f UCI./l,b'libtX om1iOULe1iUU. Cucme.MHbtU aHa.n.U3 n6u+ecmee1i1iOU JICU31iU

2/ 06UfeCm60 C n03UlfUU COlfUCLJl,b1i020 aemep.MU1iU3.Ma U ifiY1i1ClfU01iCLJ1,U3.Ma

3/ KoHitenituR o6u+ecmea e uHaueuaya.n.ua.11te.

MHaueuay a.n.ucmu•iec?Cue meopuu coitua.n.bHozo eaaUMoaeucmeusi,

 

1

IIoHRmusi, o6u+ecmea u cucme.11tbt, CO?f Ua.n.bHbtX cesi,aeii, COlf UCI./l,b'li020 ll3UUMoaeucm6UR, COlf UCI./l,b'JibtX om1iOULe1iUU.

Cucme.M.Hbtu aHa.n.ua o6u+ecmeeHHOU JICU31iU

Ha npoTJDKeHY:!Y:! acei1: Y:!CTOpY:!Y:! coY:!OJIOrY:!Y:! o,n;Hoii Y'.13 aamHeHlllY:!X ee npo6JieM 6bIJia npo6JieMa: 'ITO npe,n;cTaBJIReT co6oi1: o6ecTao? CoHo­ JIOrY:!R acex BpeMeH Y:! Hapo.n;oa Ilb TaJiaCb OTBeTY:!Tb Ha BOilpOCbl'. KaK B03- MO:lKHO c yecTBOBaHY:!e o6ecTaa? KaKOBbIMexaHH3MbI coHaJibHOi1: Y:!HTerpa Y:!Y:!, 06ecne'!Y:1Ba!O Y:1e coY:!aJibHbIH nopR,n;OK, aonpeKY:! orpoM­ HOMY MHoroo6pa3Y:!!O Y:!HTepecoa Y:!H,ll;Y:!BY:!,ll;OB Y:! coHaJibHb X rpynn? Pac­ CMOTpeHY:!e 3TOH npo6JieMbl Y:! RBJIReTCR Hamei1: 3a,n;a qei1: B 3TOH TeMe.

Ha'!HeM c Toro, KaK coHOJIOrY:!R TpaKTyeT nOHRTHe «o6ecTBO».

3.,ll!OpKrei1:M paccMaTpY:!BaJI o6eCTBO KaK Ha,ll;blH,n;Y:!BY:!,ll;YaJibHY!O.n;yxoa­ HY!O peaJibHOCTb, OCHOBaHHY!O Ha KOJIJieKTY:!BHb X npe.n;cTaBJIˆHY:!RX.

Ilo M. Be6epy, o6ecTao - 3TO B3aY:1Mo.n;ei1:cTBY:1e JIIO,n;ei1:, RBJIRIOeecR

npo.n;yKTOM COY:!aJibHbIX, TO eCTb opY:!eHTY:!pOBaHHbl X Ha.n;pyrY:!X JI!O,ll;ei1:,

.n;e.ti:CTBY:!H.KpynHb H aMepY:!KaHCKY:!H coY:!OJior T. IapcoHc onpe,n;eJIRJI 06- eCTBO KaK CY:!CTeMy OTH0lllˆHY:!H Mem.n;y JI!O,ll;bMY:!, CBR3Y!OY:!M Ha'laJIOM

KOTOpoi1: RBJIRIOTCR HOpMbl Y:! eHHOCTY:!. cTO'lKY:! 3peHY:!R K.MapKca, o6eCT­

BO -3TO Y:!CTOpY:!'lˆCKY:! pa3BY:!Ba!OaRCR COBOKynHOCTb OTH0lllˆHY:!H Mem.n;y

JI!O,ll;bMY:!, CKJia,ll;bIBa!OHXCR B npoecce Y:!X COBMeCTHOH.n;emeJ!bHOCTY:!.

QqeBY:!,ll;HO, 'ITO BO acex 3TY:!X onpe,n;eJieHY:!RX B TOH Y:!JIY:! Y:!HOH CTene­

HY:! BbipameH no.n;xo.n; K o6eCTBY KaK K eJIOCTHOH CY:!CTeMe 3JIˆMˆHTOB,

Haxo.n;RY:!XCR B COCTORHHY:! TˆCHOH B3aY:!MOCBR3Y:!. TaKOH no.n;xo.n; K o6e­

CTBY Ha3bIBaeTCR CY:!CTeMHb M. OcHOBHaR 3a.zi;aqa CY:!CTeMHOro no.n;xo.n;a B Y:!CCJie,n;oBaHY:!Y:! o6eCTBa COCTOY:!T B 06'be,ll;Y:!HˆHY:!Y:! pa3JIY:!'lHbIX 3HaHHH no

noao.n;y o6eCTBa B eJIOCTHY!O CY:!CTeMy, KOTOpaR MOrJia 6bICTaTb Teo­ pY:!ei1: o6ecTaa.

PacCMOTpY:!M OCHOBHbi e npY:!HY:!Ilbl CY:!CTˆMHOro no.n;xo,n;a K o6e­ CTBy. ,ll;JIR 3TOro Heo6xo,n;Y:!MO onpe,n;eJIY:!Tb OCHOBHble IlOHRTY:!R. C111cTeMa

-3TO onpe,n;eJieHHbIM o6pa30M ynopR,ll;O'IeHHOe MHO:lKeCTBO 3JieMeHTOB,


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2

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3

Kou:itenitu.a o6utecmea a uuoueuoyaJLU3Me.

Ji1uoueuoy aJLucmu1iecKue meopuu cotfUaJL'buow e3auMooeucmeu.a

PerneHJl.le nocJieAHet1: npo6JieMb, 3acpJ1IKCJ1IpoBaHHot1: KpJ1ITJ11KaMJ11 cpyHK­ J110HaJIJ113Ma, B3HJIJII Ha ce6H npeACTaBJIITeJIJII MeTOAOJIOrJIIJII HHAHBH,IQ'a­

JIH3Ma.l(m. XoMaHC,.l(m. JlJiIHA, r. BJiyMep JI.I AP· 0CHOBHaH JIIAeH MeTOAO­

JIOrJIIJII JIIHAJIIBJIIAYaJIJII3Ma CBOAJIITCH K CJieAyrorn;eMy: BCHKOe COJllaJibHOe

HBJieHJl.le, B TOM 'iJIICJie JI.I o6rn;ecTBeHHa.fl mJII3Hb, MOmeT6b Tb o6'bHCHeHO qepe3 coBoKynHoCTb J1IHAJ1IBJ1IAYaJibHb X AeHCTBJIIH. CJieAOBaTeJibHO, 3a­ Aa 'ia COJIIOJIOrJII'ieCKOH HayKJII COCTOJIIT, npemAe BCero, B OOb;JCHeHJIIJII, 'iTO TaKoe JIIHAJIIBJIIAYaJibHOe AeHCTBJl.le JI.I 'iTO TaKoe COBOKYilHOCTb JIIHAJII­

BJIIAYaJibHblX AeHCTBJIIH.

c TO'iKJII 3peHJII.fl npeACTaBJIITeJiet1: JIIHAJIIBJIIAyaJIJII3Ma, cxeMa Aet1:­

CTBJII.fl BKJIIO'iaeT B ce6H CJieAyrorn;Jlle 3JieMeHTbI:

1) AeticTByrorn;ee JIJIIo, T. e. J1IHAJ1IBJ11Aa JIIJIJII rpynny;

2) BOBJie'ieHHOCTb B CJ11Tya J1Il0, KOTOpaH xapaKTepH3yeTC.fl HaJIJII- 'iJl.leM onpeAeJieHHOH AOJIJII npJ11HymAeHJ1IH;

3) npecJieAOBaHJl.le KaKOH-JIJ1160 eJIJII qepe3 AeHCTBJl.le;

4) MaHJIIIlY JIJl.lpOBaHJl.le pecypcaMJII AJIH AOCTJl.lmeHJII.fl eJIJII;

5) 6oJiee JIIJIJII MeHee 'ieTKO o6o3Ha 'ieHHOe noBeAeHJl.le.

qTO me TaKOe COBOKYilHOCTb JIIHAJIIBJiIAYaJibHbl X AeHCTBJiIH? 06'b­

HCHeHJl.le 3TOMY HBJieHJIIIO npeAJiaraeT PHA TeOpJIIH COJllaJibHOro B3aJIIMO­ AeHCTBJII.fl. 0AHOH JII3 TaKJIIX TeopJIIH HBJIHeTCR TeopHH COHaJibHOro 06-

MeHa aMepJ11KaHcKoro coJIIOJiora.l(m. XoMaHca..l(mopAm XoMaHC AeJiaeT ynop Ha BJIJIIHHJl.le Ha noBeAeHJl.le JIJOAet1: B03HarpamAeHm1JI.I 3aTpaT. OH ccpopMyJIHpoBaJI cJieAyrorn;J1Ie noJiomeHJIIH CBoet1: TeopJ1IJ11:

1) qeM qarn;e IlOCTYUOK B03HarpaaeTCH, TeM qarn;e OH IlOBTOpHeTC.fl.

2) EcJIJII B npornJioM noJiyqeHJ1Ie B03HarpamAeHJIIH npoJ1IcXoMJIO B on­ peAeJieHHot1: CJIITya JII, TO JIIOM CTpeM.RTC.fl C03AaTb TaKyro me CJl.lrya ro.

3) EcJIJII B03HarpamAeHJ1Ie BeJIJIIKO, To JIJOM, 'iT06b1 ero noJiy'iJ11Tb,

rOTOBbl nJiaTJIITb 60Jibllie, qeM npJII MaJIOM B03HarpamAeHJIIJII.

4) KorAa noTpe6HOCTJII 'ieJioBeKa no'iTJII noJIHOCTblO YAOBJieTBope­ Hh,OH B MeHbllieH Mepe CTpeMJIITCH npJIIKJiaAhIBaTb YCJIIJIJII.fl AJIH JI.IX YAOB­ JieTBOpeHJII.fl.

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1) MHAJIIBJIIAhIBcerAa cTpeMHTCH K MaKCJ11MaJIJ113a J1IJ11 JIJII'iHbIX BbI­

roA, 'iTO BbITeKaeT Jl.(3 3rOJIICTJII'i eCKOH npHpOAbl qeJIOBeKa.

06ecreo KBK enOCTHBR Cl<ICT0MB 43


2) fpynnbI yBeJUflUfBaIOT KUJIJieKTHBHbie BbirObI, orpaHW:i'.HBaR HHHBHOB H 0611BaRCb «CnpaBeJIHBbIX» OTHOilleHHH.

3) J1HHBHbI, 06HapyamBarow;11e CBOe yqaCTHe B «HecnpaBeMH­ BbIX» OTHOilleHHRX, HCilbITbIBaIOT IlCHXOJIOrw:reCKHH HCKOMcpOpT.

4) qeM CHJibHee BOCilpHHHMaeTCR «HecnpaBeJIHBOCTb», TeM

CHJibHee HCKOMcpOpT H HHTeHCHBHee IlOilbITKH BOCCTaHOBHTb «cnpaBe ­ JIHBbie» OTHOilleHHR.

TaKHM o6paaoM, QeHTpaJibHoe MecTo B 3TOH Teop1111 aaHHMaeT Ka­ TeropHR «CnpaBe,IVIHBOe OTHOllleHHe»' onpeeJIReMaR KaK nponopQHO­ HaJibHOCTb BKJiaOB H peayJibTaTOB yqacTHHKOB B3aHMOeHCTBHR. Jl:o­ CTHmeHHe COQHaJibHOH cnpaBeJIHBOCTH npenoHOCHTCR CTOpOHHHKa­ MH 3TOH TeOpHH KaK rJiaBHbIH CTHMYJI eHCTBHR HHHBHOB H rpynn.

Jl:pyroti: TeOpHeH, 6aa11pyrow;eti:CR Ha MeTOOJIOrHH HHHBHyaJIH3Ma, RBJIReTCR CHMBOJIHqeCKHH HHTepaKqHOHH3M (OT aHrJI.interaction - B3a11Mo eti:cTB11e). Ha1160Jiee BHHbie npecTaBHTeJIH CHMBOJIH'iecKoro HHTepaKQHOHH3Ma - Jl:mop m MH H rep6epT BJiyMep. Jl:m. MH yTBepm aJI, 'l'.TO noBeeH11e HHHBHa -3TO peaKQHR Ha noBeeH11e pyroro HHHBHa. qeJIOBe'l'.eCKHe cyw;ecTBa mHBYT B MHpe 3Ha'l'.HMbIX o6'beKTOB. 3HaqeHHR B03HHKaIOT TOJibKO B npoQecce COQHaJibHOro B3aH­ MOeHCTBHR. PaaJIH'l'.Hbre COQHaJibHbie rpynnbI Bbrpa6aTbIBaroT paaJIH'i­ Hbre MHpbI, H 3TH MHpbI MeHRIOTCR, KOra COCTaBJIRIOlll;He HX o6'beKTbI


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Âñå ìàòåðèàëû ïðåäñòàâëåííûå íà ñàéòå èñêëþ÷èòåëüíî ñ öåëüþ îçíàêîìëåíèÿ ÷èòàòåëÿìè è íå ïðåñëåäóþò êîììåð÷åñêèõ öåëåé èëè íàðóøåíèå àâòîðñêèõ ïðàâ. Ñòóäàëë.Îðã (0.031 ñåê.)