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×èòàéòå òàêæå:
  1. ÃÍÇÏíË äÒæáå ÊÚÇáì
  2. ÝåÑÓ ÇáÂíÇÊ

(æóÞóæúáõåõ: { uqèdur ߉ƒÏ‰x© ÉA$ysÎRùQ$# ÇÊÌÈ } ([175])¡ æóÞóæúáõåõ: { (#rãx6tBur tx6tBur ª!$# (ª!$#ur çŽöyz tûï̍Å3»yJø9$# ÇÎÍÈ } ([176])¡ æóÞóæúáõåõ: { (#rãs3tBur #\ò6tB $tRös3tBur #\ò6tB öNèdur Ÿw šcrããèô±o„ ÇÎÉÈ } ([177])¡ æóÞóæúáõåõ: { öNåk¨XÎ) tbr߉ŠÅ3tƒ #Y‰ø‹x. ÇÊÎÈ ß‰‹Ï.r&ur #Y‰ø‹x. ÇÊÏÈ } ([178]).

æóÞóæúáõåõ: { uqèdur ߉ƒÏ‰x© ÉA$ysÎRùQ$# ÇÊÌÈ } ([179]).. ÅöáóÎúº ÊóÖóãøóäóÊú åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÇÊõ ÅöËúÈóÇÊó ÕöÝóÊóíö ÇáúãóßúÑö æóÇáúßóíúÏö ([180]) æóåõãóÇ ãöäú ÕöÝóÇÊö ÇáúÝöÚúáö ÇáöÇÎúÊöíóÇÑöíøóÉö.

æóáóßöäú áóÇ íóäúÈóÛöí Ãóäú íõÔúÊóÞøó áóåõ ãöäú åóÇÊóíúäö ÇáÕøöÝóÊóíúäö ÇÓúãñ¡ ÝóíõÞóÇáó: ãóÇßöÑñ¡ æóßóÇÆöÏñº Èóáú íõæÞóÝõ ÚöäúÏóãóÇ æóÑóÏó Èöåö ÇáäøóÕøõ ãöäú Ãóäøóåõ ÎóíúÑõ ÇáúãóÇßöÑöíäó¡ æóÃóäøóåõ íóßöíÏõ áöÃóÚúÏóÇÆöåö ÇáúßóÇÝöÑöíäó.

ÃóãøóÇ Þóæúáõåõ ÓõÈúÍóÇäóåõ: { uqèdur ߉ƒÏ‰x© ÉA$ysÎRùQ$# ÇÊÌÈ } ([181])º ÝóãóÚúäóÇåõ: ÔóÏöíÏõ ÇáúÃóÎúÐö ÈöÇáúÚõÞõæÈóÉöº ßóãóÇ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: { ¨bÎ) |·ôÜt/ y7În/u‘ ωt±s9 ÇÊËÈ } ([182])¡ { ¨bÎ) ÿ¼çnx‹÷{r& ÒOŠÏ9r& ωx© ÇÊÉËÈ } ([183]).

æóÞóÇáó ÇÈúäõ ÚóÈøóÇÓò: (ãóÚúäóÇåõ: ÔóÏöíÏõ ÇáúÍóæúáö)¡ æóÞóÇáó ãõÌóÇåöÏñ: (ÔóÏöíÏõ ÇáúÞõæøóÉö)¡ æóÇáúÃóÞúæóÇáõ ãõÊóÞóÇÑöÈóÉñ.

æóÃóãøóÇ Þóæúáõåõ: { ª!$#ur çŽöyz tûï̍Å3»yJø9$# ÇÎÍÈ } ([184])º ÝóãóÚúäóÇåõ: ÃóäúÝóÐõåõãú æóÃóÓúÑóÚõåõãú ãóßúÑðÇ.

æóÞóÏú ÝóÓøóÑó ÈóÚúÖõ ÇáÓøóáóÝö ãóßúÑó Çááøóåö ÈöÚöÈóÇÏöåö ÈöÃóäøóåõ ÇÓúÊöÏúÑóÇÌõåõãú ÈöÇáäøöÚóãö ãöäú ÍóíúËõ áóÇ íóÚúáóãõæäó¡ ÝóßõáøóãóÇ ÃóÍúÏóËõæÇ ÐóäúÈðÇ ÃóÍúÏóËó áóåõãú äöÚúãóÉðº æóÝöí ÇáúÍóÏöíËö: { ÅöÐóÇ ÑóÃóíúÊó Çááøóåó íõÚúØöí ÇáúÚóÈúÏó ãöäó ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ ãóÇ íõÍöÈøõ æóåõæó ãõÞöíãñ Úóáóì ãóÚúÕöíóÊöåöº ÝóÇÚúáóãú ÃóäøóãóÇ Ðóáößó ãöäúåõ ÇÓúÊöÏúÑóÇÌñ } ([185]).

æóÞóÏú äóÒóáóÊú åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉõ Ýöí ÔóÃúäö ÚöíÓóì Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ Íöíäó ÃóÑóÇÏó ÇáúíóåõæÏõ ÞóÊúáóåõ¡ ÝóÏóÎóáó ÈóíúÊðÇ Ýöíåö ßõæøóÉñ¡ æóÞóÏú ÃóíøóÏóåõ Çááøóåõ ÈöÌöÈúÑöíáó Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ¡ ÝóÑóÝóÚóåõ Åöáóì ÇáÓøóãóÇÁö ãöäó ÇáúßõæøóÉö¡ ÝóÏóÎóáó Úóáóíúåö íóåõæÐóǺ áöíóÏõáøóåõãú Úóáóíúåö ÝóíóÞúÊõáõæåõ¡ ÝóÃóáúÞóì Çááøóåõ ÔóÈóåó ÚöíÓóì Úóáóì Ðóáößó ÇáúÎóÇÆöäö¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ÏóÎóáó ÇáúÈóíúÊó Ýóáóãú íóÌöÏú Ýöíåö ÚöíÓóìº ÎóÑóÌó Åöáóíúåöãú æóåõæó íóÞõæáõ: ãóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÈóíúÊö ÃóÍóÏñ¡ ÝóÞóÊóáõæåõ æóåõãú íóÑóæúäó Ãóäøóåõ ÚöíÓóì¡ ÝóÐóáößó Þóæúáõåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: { (#rãx6tBur tx6tBur ª!$# (} ([186]).

æóÃóãøóÇ Þóæúáõåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: { (#rãs3tBur #\ò6tB } ([187]).. ÅöáóÎúº Ýóåöíó Ýöí ÔóÃúäö ÇáÑøóåúØö ÇáÊøöÓúÚóÉö ãöäú Þóæúãö ÕóÇáöÍò Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ Íöíäó { (#qßJy™$s)s? «!$$Î/ ¼çm¨ZtGÍhŠu;ãYs9 ¼ã&s#÷dr&ur } ([188]) Ãóíú: áóíóÞúÊõáõäøóåõ ÈóíóÇÊðÇ åõæó æóÃóåúáóåõ¡ { ¢OèO £`s9qà)uZs9 ¾ÏmÍh‹Ï9uqÏ9 $tB $tRô‰Íky­ y7Î=ôgtB ¾Ï&Î#÷dr& } ([189])¡ ÝóßóÇäó ÚóÇÞöÈóÉõ åóÐóÇ ÇáúãóßúÑö ãöäúåõãú Ãóäú ãóßóÑó Çááøóåõ Èöåöãú ÝóÏóãøóÑóåõãú æóÞóæúãóåõãú ÃóÌúãóÚöíäó.


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Âñå ìàòåðèàëû ïðåäñòàâëåííûå íà ñàéòå èñêëþ÷èòåëüíî ñ öåëüþ îçíàêîìëåíèÿ ÷èòàòåëÿìè è íå ïðåñëåäóþò êîììåð÷åñêèõ öåëåé èëè íàðóøåíèå àâòîðñêèõ ïðàâ. Ñòóäàëë.Îðã (0.002 ñåê.)