 |
ÀâòîÀâòîìàòèçàöèÿÀðõèòåêòóðàÀñòðîíîìèÿÀóäèòÁèîëîãèÿÁóõãàëòåðèÿÂîåííîå äåëîÃåíåòèêàÃåîãðàôèÿÃåîëîãèÿÃîñóäàðñòâîÄîìÄðóãîåÆóðíàëèñòèêà è ÑÌÈÈçîáðåòàòåëüñòâîÈíîñòðàííûå ÿçûêèÈíôîðìàòèêàÈñêóññòâîÈñòîðèÿÊîìïüþòåðûÊóëèíàðèÿÊóëüòóðàËåêñèêîëîãèÿËèòåðàòóðàËîãèêàÌàðêåòèíãÌàòåìàòèêàÌàøèíîñòðîåíèåÌåäèöèíàÌåíåäæìåíòÌåòàëëû è ÑâàðêàÌåõàíèêàÌóçûêàÍàñåëåíèåÎáðàçîâàíèåÎõðàíà áåçîïàñíîñòè æèçíèÎõðàíà ÒðóäàÏåäàãîãèêàÏîëèòèêàÏðàâîÏðèáîðîñòðîåíèåÏðîãðàììèðîâàíèåÏðîèçâîäñòâîÏðîìûøëåííîñòüÏñèõîëîãèÿÐàäèîÐåãèëèÿÑâÿçüÑîöèîëîãèÿÑïîðòÑòàíäàðòèçàöèÿÑòðîèòåëüñòâîÒåõíîëîãèèÒîðãîâëÿÒóðèçìÔèçèêàÔèçèîëîãèÿÔèëîñîôèÿÔèíàíñûÕèìèÿÕîçÿéñòâîÖåííîîáðàçîâàíèå×åð÷åíèåÝêîëîãèÿÝêîíîìåòðèêàÝêîíîìèêàÝëåêòðîíèêàÞðèñïóíäåíêöèÿ
ÇáúÞöíóÇãóÉó ÇáúßõÈúÑóì
|
×èòàéòå òàêæå: |
(æóÊóÞõæãõ ÇáúÞöíóÇãóÉõ ÇáøóÊöí ÃóÎúÈóÑó Çááøóåõ ÈöåóÇ Ýöí ßöÊóÇÈöåö¡ æóÚóáóì áöÓóÇäö ÑóÓõæáöåö¡ æóÃóÌúãóÚó ÚóáóíúåóÇ ÇáúãõÓúáöãõæäó.
ÝóíóÞõæãõ ÇáäøóÇÓõ ãöäú ÞõÈõæÑöåöãú áöÑóÈøö ÇáúÚóÇáóãöíäó ÍõÝóÇÉð ÚõÑóÇÉð ÛõÑúáðÇ¡ æóÊóÏúäõæ ãöäúåõãõ ÇáÔøóãúÓõ¡ æóíõáúÌöãõåõãõ ÇáúÚóÑóÞõ.
ÝóÊõäúÕóÈõ ÇáúãóæóÇÒöíäõ¡ ÝóÊõæÒóäõ ÈöåóÇ ÃóÚúãóÇáõ ÇáúÚöÈóÇÏö¡ { `yJsù ôMn=à)rO ¼çmãZƒÎ—ºuqtB y7Í´¯»s9'ré'sù ãNèd šcqßsÎ=øÿßJø9$# ÇÊÉËÈ ïÆtBur ôM¤ÿyz ¼çmãZƒÎ—ºuqtB šÍ´¯»s9'ré'sù tûïÏ%©!$# (#ÿrçŽÅ£yz öNßg|¡àÿRr& ’Îû zN¨Yygy_ tbrà$Î#»yz ÇÊÉÌÈ } ([385]).
æóÊõäúÔóÑõ ÇáÏøóæóÇæöíäõ¡ æóåöíó ÕóÍóÇÆöÝõ ÇáúÃóÚúãóÇáö¡ ÝóÂÎöÐñ ßöÊóÇÈóåõ Èöíóãöíäöåö¡ æóÂÎöÐñ ßöÊóÇÈóåõ ÈöÔöãóÇáöåö Ãóæú ãöäú æóÑóÇÁö ÙóåúÑöåöº ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÓõÈúÍóÇäóåõ æóÊóÚóÇáóì: { ¨@ä.ur?`»|¡SÎ) çm»oYøBt“ø9r& ¼çnuŽÈµ¯»sÛ ’Îû ¾ÏmÉ)ãZãã (ßlÌøƒéUur ¼çms9 tPöqtƒ ÏpyJ»uŠÉ)ø9$# $Y7»tFÅ2 çm9s)ù=tƒ #·‘qà±YtB ÇÊÌÈ ù&tø%$# y7t6»tGÏ. 4’s"x. y7Å¡øÿuZÎ/ tPöqu‹ø9$# y7ø‹n=tã $Y7ŠÅ¡ym ÇÊÍÈ } ([386]).
Þóæúáõåõ: (æóÊóÞõæãõ ÇáúÞöíóÇãóÉõ..) Åáκ íóÚúäöí ÇáúÞöíóÇãóÉó ÇáúßõÈúÑóì¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÇáúæóÕúÝõ áöáÊøóÎúÕöíÕö¡ ÇÍúÊóÑóÒó Èöåö Úóäö ÇáúÞöíóÇãóÉö ÇáÕøõÛúÑóì ÇáøóÊöí Êóßõæäõ ÚöäúÏó ÇáúãóæúÊöº ßóãóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÎóÈóÑö: (ãóäú ãóÇÊó ÝóÞóÏú ÞóÇãóÊú ÞöíóÇãóÊõåõ).
æóÐóáößó Ãóäøó Çááøóåó U ÅöÐóÇ ÃóÐöäó ÈöÇäúÞöÖóÇÁö åóÐöåö ÇáÏøõäúíóǺ ÃóãóÑó ÅöÓúÑóÇÝöíáó Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ Ãóäú íóäúÝõÎó Ýöí ÇáÕøõæÑö ÇáäøóÝúÎóÉó ÇáúÃõæáóì¡ ÝóíóÕúÚóÞõ ßõáøõ ãóäú Ýöí ÇáÓøóãóÇæóÇÊö æóãóäú Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ÅöáøóÇ ãóäú ÔóÇÁó Çááøóåõ¡ æóÊõÕúÈöÍõ ÇáúÃóÑúÖõ ÕóÚöíÏðÇ ÌõÑõÒðÇ¡ æóÇáúÌöÈóÇáõ ßóËöíÈðÇ ãóåöíáðÇ¡ æóíóÍúÏõËõ ßõáøõ ãóÇ ÃóÎúÈóÑó Çááøóåõ Èöåö Ýöí ßöÊóÇÈöåö¡ áóÇ ÓöíøóãóÇ Ýöí ÓõæÑóÊóíö ÇáÊøóßúæöíÑö æóÇáöÇäúÝöØóÇÑö¡ æóåóÐóÇ åõæó ÂÎöÑõ ÃóíøóÇãö ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ.
Ëõãøó íóÃúãõÑõ Çááøóåõ ÇáÓøóãóÇÁó¡ ÝóÊõãúØöÑõ ãóØóÑðÇ ßóãóäöíøö ÇáÑøöÌóÇáö ÃóÑúÈóÚöíäó íóæúãðÇ¡ ÝóíóäúÈõÊõ ãöäúåõ ÇáäøóÇÓõ Ýöí ÞõÈõæÑöåöãú ãöäú ÚóÌúÈö ÃóÐúäóÇÈöåöãú¡ æóßõáøõ ÇÈúäö ÂÏóãó íóÈúáóì ÅöáøóÇ ÚóÌúÈó ÇáÐøóäóÈö.
ÍóÊøóì ÅöÐóÇ Êóãøó ÎóáúÞõåõãú æóÊóÑúßöíÈõåõãúº ÃóãóÑó Çááøóåõ ÅöÓúÑóÇÝöíáó ÈöÃóäú íóäúÝõÎó Ýöí ÇáÕøõæÑö ÇáäøóÝúÎóÉó ÇáËøóÇäöíóÉó¡ ÝóíóÞõæãõ ÇáäøóÇÓõ ãöäó ÇáúÃóÌúÏóÇËö ÃóÍúíóÇÁð¡ ÝóíóÞõæáõ ÇáúßõÝøóÇÑõ æóÇáúãõäóÇÝöÞõæäó ÍöíäóÆöÐò: { $uZn=÷ƒuq»tƒ.`tB $uZsVyèt/ `ÏB $tRωs%ö¨B 2 3 } ([387])¡ æóíóÞõæáõ ÇáúãõÄúãöäõæäó: { #x‹»yd $tB y‰tãur ß`»oH÷q§9$# šXy‰|¹ur šcqè=y™ößJø9$# ÇÎËÈ } ([388]).
Ëõãøó ÊóÍúÔõÑõåõãõ ÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉõ Åöáóì ÇáúãóæúÞóÝö ÍõÝóÇÉð ÛóíúÑó ãõäúÊóÚöáöíäó¡ ÚõÑóÇÉð ÛóíúÑó ãõßúÊóÓöíäó¡ ÛõÑúáðÇ ÛóíúÑó ãõÎúÊóÊöäöíäóº ÌóãúÚõ ÃóÛúÑóáó¡ æóåõæó ÇáúÃóÞúáóÝõ¡ æóÇáúÛõÑúáóÉõ: ÇáúÞóáóÝóÉõ.
æóÃóæøóáõ ãóäú íóßúÊóÓöí íóæúãó ÇáúÞöíóÇãóÉö ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõº ßóãóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÍóÏöíËö.
æóåõäóÇßó Ýöí ÇáúãóæúÞöÝö ÊóÏúäõæ ÇáÔøóãúÓõ ãöäú ÑõÁõæÓö ÇáúÎóáóÇÆöÞö¡ æóíõáúÌöãõåõãõ ÇáúÚóÑóÞõ¡ Ýóãöäúåõãú ãóäú íóÈúáõÛõ ßóÚúÈóíúåö¡ æóãöäúåõãú ãóäú íóÈúáõÛõ ÑõßúÈóÊóíúåö¡ æóãöäúåõãú ãóäú íóÈúáõÛõ ËóÏúíóíúåö¡ æóãöäúåõãú ãóäú íóÈúáõÛõ ÊóÑúÞõæóÊóåõº ßõáøñ Úóáóì ÞóÏúÑö Úóãóáöåö¡ æóíóßõæäõ ÃõäóÇÓñ Ýöí Ùöáøö Çááøóåö ÚóÒøó æóÌóáøó.
ÝóÅöÐóÇ ÇÔúÊóÏøó Èöåöãõ ÇáúÃóãúÑõ¡ æóÚóÙõãó ÇáúßóÑúÈõº ÇÓúÊóÔúÝóÚõæÇ Åöáóì Çááøóåö U ÈöÇáÑøõÓõáö æóÇáúÃóäúÈöíóÇÁö Ãóäú íõäúÞöÐóåõãú ãöãøóÇ åõãú Ýöíåö¡ æóßõáøõ ÑóÓõæáò íõÍöíáõåõãú Úóáóì ãóäú ÈóÚúÏóåõº ÍóÊøóì íóÃúÊõæÇ äóÈöíøóäóÇ r ÝóíóÞõæáõ: (ÃóäóÇ áóåóÇ)¡ æóíóÔúÝóÚõ Ýöíåöãú¡ ÝóíóäúÕóÑöÝõæäó Åöáóì ÝóÕúáö ÇáúÞóÖóÇÁö.
æóåõäóÇßó ÊõäúÕóÈõ ÇáúãóæóÇÒöíäõ¡ ÝóÊõæÒóäõ ÈöåóÇ ÃóÚúãóÇáõ ÇáúÚöÈóÇÏö¡ æóåöíó ãóæóÇÒöíäõ ÍóÞöíÞöíøóÉñ¡ ßõáøõ ãöíÒóÇäò ãöäúåóÇ áóåõ áöÓóÇäñ æóßöÝøóÊóÇäö¡ æóíõÞóáøöÈõ Çááøóåõ ÃóÚúãóÇáó ÇáúÚöÈóÇÏö - æóåöíó ÃóÚúÑóÇÖñ - ÃóÌúÓóÇãðÇ áóåóÇ ËöÞóáñ¡ ÝóÊõæÖóÚõ ÇáúÍóÓóäóÇÊõ Ýöí ßöÝøóÉò¡ æóÇáÓøóíøöÆóÇÊõ Ýöí ßöÝøóÉòº ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: { ßìŸÒtRur tûïΗºuqyJø9$# xÝó¡É)ø9$# ÏQöqu‹Ï9 ÏpyJ»uŠÉ)ø9$# Ÿxsù ãNn=ôàè? Ó§øÿtR $\«ø‹x© (bÎ)ur šc%Ÿ2 tA$s)÷WÏB 7p6ym ô`ÏiB @AyŠöyz $oY÷s?r& $pkÍ5 3 4’s"x.ur $oYÎ/ šúüÎ7Å¡»ym ÇÍÐÈ } ([389]).
Ëõãøó ÊõäúÔóÑõ ÇáÏøóæóÇæöíäõ¡ æóåöíó ÕóÍóÇÆöÝõ ÇáúÃóÚúãóÇáö¡ { $¨Br'sù ô`tB š†ÎAré& ¼çmt7»tGÏ. ¾ÏmÏYŠÏJu‹Î/ ÇÐÈ t$öq|¡sù Ü=y™$ptä† $\/$|¡Ïm #ZŽÅ¡o„ ÇÑÈ Ü=Î=s)Ztƒur #’n<Î) ¾Ï&Î#÷dr& #Y‘rçŽô£tB ÇÒÈ } ([390])¡ æóÃóãøóÇ ãóäú ÃõæÊöíó ßöÊóÇÈóåõ ÈöÔöãóÇáöåö Ãóæú ([391]) ãöäú æóÑóÇÁö ÙóåúÑöåö¡ { t$öq|¡sù (#qããô‰tƒ #Y‘qç6èO ÇÊÊÈ 4’n?óÁtƒur #·ŽÏèy™ ÇÊËÈ } ([392])¡ æóíóÞõæáõ: { ÓÍ_tFø‹n=»tƒ óOs9 |Nré& ÷muŠÎ6»tFÏ. ÇËÎÈ óOs9ur Í‘÷Šr& $tB ÷mu‹Î/$|¡Ïm ÇËÏÈ } ([393])º ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: { yìÅÊãrur Ü=»tGÅ3ø9$# “uŽtIsù tûüÏBÌôfßJø9$# tûüÉ)Ïÿô±ãB $£JÏB ÏmŠÏù tbqä9qà)tƒur $oYtGn=÷ƒuq»tƒ ÉA$tB #x‹»yd É=»tGÅ6ø9$# Ÿw â‘ÏŠ$tóムZouŽÉó|¹ Ÿwur ¸ouŽÎ7x. HwÎ) $yg8|Áômr& 4 (#r߉y`urur $tB (#qè=ÏJtã #ZŽÅÑ%tn 3 Ÿwur ÞOÎ=ôàtƒ y7•/u‘ #Y‰tnr& ÇÍÒÈ } ([394]).
æóÃóãøóÇ Þóæúáõåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: { ¨@ä.ur?`»|¡SÎ) çm»oYøBt“ø9r& ¼çnuŽÈµ¯»sÛ ’Îû ¾ÏmÉ)ãZãã (} ([395])º ÝóÞóÏú ÞóÇáó ÇáÑøóÇÛöÈõ: (Ãóíú: Úóãóáóåõ ÇáøóÐöí ØóÇÑó Úóäúåõ ãöäú ÎóíúÑò æóÔóÑøò).
æóáóßöäøó ÇáÙøóÇåöÑó Ãóäøó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏó ÈöÇáØøóÇÆöÑö åõäóÇ äóÕöíÈõåõ Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ¡ æóãóÇ ßõÊöÈó áóåõ ÝöíåóÇ ãöäú ÑöÒúÞò æóÚóãóáòº ßóãóÇ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: { y7Í´¯»s9'ré& öNçlé;$oYtƒ Nåkâ:ÅÁtR z`ÏiB É=»tGÅ3ø9$# (} ([396])¡ íóÚúäöí: ãóÇ ßõÊöÈó Úóáóíúåöãú Ýöíåö.
Ïîèñê ïî ñàéòó: