ÀâòîÀâòîìàòèçàöèÿÀðõèòåêòóðàÀñòðîíîìèÿÀóäèòÁèîëîãèÿÁóõãàëòåðèÿÂîåííîå äåëîÃåíåòèêàÃåîãðàôèÿÃåîëîãèÿÃîñóäàðñòâîÄîìÄðóãîåÆóðíàëèñòèêà è ÑÌÈÈçîáðåòàòåëüñòâîÈíîñòðàííûå ÿçûêèÈíôîðìàòèêàÈñêóññòâîÈñòîðèÿÊîìïüþòåðûÊóëèíàðèÿÊóëüòóðàËåêñèêîëîãèÿËèòåðàòóðàËîãèêàÌàðêåòèíãÌàòåìàòèêàÌàøèíîñòðîåíèåÌåäèöèíàÌåíåäæìåíòÌåòàëëû è ÑâàðêàÌåõàíèêàÌóçûêàÍàñåëåíèåÎáðàçîâàíèåÎõðàíà áåçîïàñíîñòè æèçíèÎõðàíà ÒðóäàÏåäàãîãèêàÏîëèòèêàÏðàâîÏðèáîðîñòðîåíèåÏðîãðàììèðîâàíèåÏðîèçâîäñòâîÏðîìûøëåííîñòüÏñèõîëîãèÿÐàäèîÐåãèëèÿÑâÿçüÑîöèîëîãèÿÑïîðòÑòàíäàðòèçàöèÿÑòðîèòåëüñòâîÒåõíîëîãèèÒîðãîâëÿÒóðèçìÔèçèêàÔèçèîëîãèÿÔèëîñîôèÿÔèíàíñûÕèìèÿÕîçÿéñòâîÖåííîîáðàçîâàíèå×åð÷åíèåÝêîëîãèÿÝêîíîìåòðèêàÝêîíîìèêàÝëåêòðîíèêàÞðèñïóíäåíêöèÿ

ÃÍÇÏíË Ýí Úõáõæøöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì æóÝóæúÞöíøóÊöåö

×èòàéòå òàêæå:
  1. ÂíóÇÊõ áÅËÈÇÊ Úõáõæøöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì Úáì ÎáÞå
  2. ÃÍÇÏíË äÒæáå ÊÚÇáì
  3. ÇáäøóßöíÑó Úóáóì ãóäú ÃóäúßóÑó Úõáõæøö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì æóÇÓúÊöæóÇÆöåö Úóáóì ÚóÑúÔöåö
  4. ÝåÑÓ ÇáÃÍÇÏíË
  5. ÝÕá : Ýí ÅäßÇÑ ÇáÓáÝ áãä ÎÇáÝ ÇáÃÍÇÏíË ÈÇáÂÑÇÁ. 13

(æóÞóæúáõåõ Ýöí ÑõÞúíóÉö ÇáúãóÑöíÖö: { ÑóÈøóäóÇ Çááøóåó ÇáøóÐöí Ýöí ÇáÓøóãóÇÁö¡ ÊóÞóÏøóÓó ÇÓúãõßó¡ ÃóãúÑõßó Ýöí ÇáÓøóãóÇÁö æóÇáúÃóÑúÖö¡ ßóãóÇ ÑóÍúãóÊõßó Ýöí ÇáÓøóãóÇÁö ÇÌúÚóáú ÑóÍúãóÊóßó Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö¡ ÇÛúÝöÑú áóäóÇ ÍõæÈóäóÇ æóÎóØóÇíóÇäóÇ¡ ÃóäúÊó ÑóÈøõ ÇáØøóíøöÈöíäó¡ ÃóäúÒöáú ÑóÍúãóÉð ãöäú ÑóÍúãóÊößó¡ æóÔöÝóÇÁð ãöäú ÔöÝóÇÆößó Úóáóì åóÐóÇ ÇáúæóÌóÚöº ÝóíóÈúÑóÃó } ([347]) ÍóÏöíËñ ÍóÓóäñ¡ ÑóæóÇåõ ÃóÈõæ ÏóÇæõÏó æóÛóíúÑõåõ.

æóÞóæúáõåõ: { ÃóáóÇ ÊóÃúãóäõæäöí æóÃóäóÇ Ãóãöíäõ ãóäú Ýöí ÇáÓøóãóÇÁö } ([348])¡ ÍóÏöíËñ ÕóÍöíÍñ. æóÞóæúáõåõ: { æóÇáúÚóÑúÔõ ÝóæúÞó ÇáúãóÇÁö¡ æóÇááøóåõ ÝóæúÞó ÇáúÚóÑúÔö¡ æóåõæó íóÚúáóãõ ãóÇ ÃóäúÊõãú Úóáóíúåö } ÍóÏöíËñ ÍóÓóäñ¡ ÑóæóÇåõ ÃóÈõæ ÏóÇæõÏó æóÛóíúÑõåõ¡ { æóÞóæúáõåõ áöáúÌóÇÑöíóÉö: Ãóíúäó Çááøóåõ¿¡ ÞóÇáóÊú: Ýöí ÇáÓøóãóÇÁö¡ ÞóÇáó: ãóäú ÃóäóÇ¿ ÞóÇáóÊú: ÃóäúÊó ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö. ÞóÇáó: ÃóÚúÊöÞúåóÇ ÝóÅöäøóåóÇ ãõÄúãöäóÉñ } ([349]). ÑóæóÇåõ ãõÓúáöãñ).

Þóæúáõåõ: { ÑóÈøóäóÇ Çááøóåó ÇáøóÐöí Ýöí ÇáÓøóãóÇÁö } ([350])..) Åáκ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÇáúÃóæøóáõ æóÇáËøóÇäöí ÕóÑöíÍñ Ýöí Úõáõæøöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì æóÝóæúÞöíøóÊöåöº Ýóåõæó ßóÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: { LäêYÏBr&uä `¨B ’Îû Ïä!$yJ¡¡9$# } ([351]).

æóÞóÏú ÓóÈóÞó Ãóäú ÞõáúäóÇ: Åöäøó åóÐöåö ÇáäøõÕõæÕó áóíúÓó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏó ãöäúåóÇ Ãóäøó ÇáÓøóãóÇÁó ÙóÑúÝñ ÍóÇæò áóåõ ÓõÈúÍóÇäóåõº Èóáú (Ýöí) ÅöãøóÇ Ãóäú Êóßõæäó ÈöãóÚúäóì (Úóáóì)º ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáóåõ ßóËöíÑñ ãöäú Ãóåúáö ÇáúÚöáúãö æóÇááøõÛóÉö¡ æó (Ýöí) Êóßõæäõ ÈöãóÚúäóì (Úóáóì) Ýöí ãóæóÇÖöÚó ßóËöíÑóÉòº ãöËúáó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: { öNä3¨Yt7Ïk=|¹_{ur ’Îû Æírä‹ã` È@÷‚¨Z9$# } ([352])¡ æóÅöãøóÇ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ãöäó ÇáÓøóãóÇÁö ÌöåóÉó ÇáúÚõáõæøö¡ æóÚóáóì ÇáúæóÌúåóíúäö Ýóåöíó äóÕøñ Ýöí Úõáõæøöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì Úóáóì ÎóáúÞöåö.

æóÝöí ÍóÏöíËö ÇáÑøõÞúíóÉö ÇáúãóÐúßõæÑö ÊóæóÓøõáñ Åöáóì Çááøóåö U ÈöÇáËøóäóÇÁö Úóáóíúåö ÈöÑõÈõæÈöíøóÊöåö æóÅöáóÇåöíøóÊöåö æóÊóÞúÏöíÓö ÇÓúãöåö æóÚõáõæøöåö Úóáóì ÎóáúÞöåö æóÚõãõæãö ÃóãúÑöåö ÇáÔøóÑúÚöíøö æóÃóãúÑöåö ÇáúÞóÏóÑöíøö¡ Ëõãøó ÊóæóÓøõáñ Åöáóíúåö ÈöÑóÍúãóÊöåö ÇáøóÊöí ÔóãóáóÊú Ãóåúáó ÓóãóÇæóÇÊöåö ÌóãöíÚðÇ Ãóäú íóÌúÚóáó áöÃóåúáö ÇáúÃóÑúÖö äóÕöíÈðÇ ãöäúåóÇ¡ Ëõãøó ÊóæóÓøõáñ Åöáóíúåö ÈöÓõÄõÇáö ãóÛúÝöÑóÉö ÇáúÍõæÈö æóåõæó ÇáÐøóäúÈõ ÇáúÚóÙöíãõ¡ Ëõãøó ÇáúÎóØóÇíóÇ ÇáøóÊöí åöíó Ïõæäóåõ¡ Ëõãøó ÊóæóÓøõáñ Åöáóíúåö ÈöÑõÈõæÈöíøóÊöåö ÇáúÎóÇÕøóÉö áöáØøóíøöÈöíäó ãöäú ÚöÈóÇÏöåö¡ æóåõãõ ÇáúÃóäúÈöíóÇÁõ æóÃóÊúÈóÇÚõåõãõ¡ ÇáøóÊöí ßóÇäó ãöäú ÂËóÇÑöåóÇ Ãóäú ÛóãóÑóåõãú ÈöäóÚöãö ÇáÏøöíäö æóÇáÏøõäúíóÇ ÇáÙøóÇåöÑóÉö æóÇáúÈóÇØöäóÉö.

ÝóåóÐöåö ÇáúæóÓóÇÆöáõ ÇáúãõÊóäóæøöÚóÉõ Åöáóì Çááøóåö áóÇ íóßóÇÏõ íõÑóÏøõ ÏõÚóÇÁõ ãóäú ÊóæóÓøóáó ÈöåóÇ¡ æóáöåóÐóÇ ÏóÚóÇ Çááøóåó ÈóÚúÏóåóÇ ÈöÇáÔøöÝóÇÁö ÇáøóÐöí åõæó ÔöÝóÇÁõ Çááøóåö ÇáøóÐöí áóÇ íóÏóÚõ ãóÑóÖðÇ ÅöáøóÇ ÃóÒóÇáóåõ¡ æóáóÇ ÊóÚóáøõÞó Ýöíåö áöÛóíúÑö Çááøóåö.

Ýóåóáú íóÝúÞóåõ åóÐóÇ ÚõÈøóÇÏõ ÇáúÞõÈõæÑö ãöäó ÇáúãõÊóæóÓøöáöíäó ÈöÇáÐøóæóÇÊö æóÇáúÃóÔóÎúÇÕö æóÇáúÍóÞøö æóÇáúÌóÇåö æóÇáúÍõÑúãóÉö æóäóÍúæö Ðóáößó¿!

æóÃóãøóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÇáËÇäí ([353])º ÝóÞóÏú ÊóÖóãøóäó ÔóåóÇÏóÉó ÇáÑøóÓõæáö r ÈöÇáúÅöíãóÇäö áöáúÌóÇÑöíóÉö ÇáøóÊöí ÇÚúÊóÑóÝóÊú ÈöÚõáõæøöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì Úóáóì ÎóáúÞöåö¡ ÝóÏóáøó Ðóáößó Úóáóì Ãóäøó æóÕúÝó ÇáúÚõáõæøö ãöäú ÃóÚúÙóãö ÃóæúÕóÇÝö ÇáúÈóÇÑöí Ìóáøó ÔóÃúäõåõ¡ ÍóíúËõ ÎóÕøóåõ ÈöÇáÓøõÄóÇáö Úóäúåõ Ïõæäó ÈóÞöíøóÉö ÇáúÃóæúÕóÇÝö¡ æóÏóáøó ÃóíúÖðÇ Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÇáúÅöíãóÇäó ÈöÚõáõæøöåö ÇáúãõØúáóÞö ãöäú ßõáøö æóÌúåò åõæó ãöäú ÃóÚúÙóãö ÃõÕõæáö ÇáúÅöíãóÇäö¡ Ýóãóäú ÃóäúßóÑóåõº ÝóÞóÏú ÍõÑöãó ÇáúÅöíãóÇäó ÇáÕøóÍöíÍó.

æóÇáúÚóÌóÈõ ãöäú åóÄõáóÇÁö ÇáúÍóãúÞóì ãöäó ÇáúãõÚóØøöáóÉö ÇáäøõÝóÇÉö ÒóÚúãõåõãú Ãóäøóåõãú ÃóÚúáóãõ ÈöÇááøóåö ãöäú ÑóÓõæáöåö¡ ÝóíóäúÝõæäó Úóäúåõ ÇáúÃóíúäó ÈóÚúÏóãóÇ æóÞóÚó åóÐóÇ ÇááøóÝúÙõ ÈöÚóíúäöåö ãöäó ÇáÑøóÓõæáö ãóÑøóÉð ÓóÇÆöáðÇ ÛóíúÑóåõ¡ ßóãóÇ Ýöí åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËö¡ { æóãóÑøóÉð ãõÌöíÈðÇ áöãóäú ÓóÃóáóåõ ÈöÞóæúáöåö: Ãóíúäó ßóÇäó ÑóÈøõäóÇ¿ } ([354])

æóÃóãøóÇ Þóæúáõåõ: { æóÇáúÚóÑúÔõ ÝóæúÞó ÇáúãóÇÁö }..) Åáκ ÝóÝöíåö ÇáúÌóãúÚõ Èóíúäó ÇáúÅöíãóÇäö ÈöÚõáõæøöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì Úóáóì ÚóÑúÔöåö¡ æóÈöÅöÍóÇØóÉö ([355]) Úöáúãöåö ÈöÇáúãóæúÌõæÏóÇÊö ßõáøöåóÇ.

ÝóÓõÈúÍóÇäó ãóäú åõæó Úóáöíøñ Ýöí Ïõäõæøöåö¡ ÞóÑöíÈñ Ýöí Úõáõæøöåö.


1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 37 | 38 | 39 | 40 | 41 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 45 | 46 | 47 | 48 | 49 | 50 | 51 | 52 | 53 | 54 | 55 | 56 | 57 | 58 |

Ïîèñê ïî ñàéòó:



Âñå ìàòåðèàëû ïðåäñòàâëåííûå íà ñàéòå èñêëþ÷èòåëüíî ñ öåëüþ îçíàêîìëåíèÿ ÷èòàòåëÿìè è íå ïðåñëåäóþò êîììåð÷åñêèõ öåëåé èëè íàðóøåíèå àâòîðñêèõ ïðàâ. Ñòóäàëë.Îðã (0.004 ñåê.)