Typology of the syllable in the contrasted lang-s

Syllable is the sound in a sound sequence one of which is heard to be more prominent than others. The peak is the most prominent or syllabic. In U only vowels are syllabic (but Russ рубль, дубль), in E vowels and sonorants are syll-c. In U the number of Ss = number of vowels. The number of Ss varies from 1-8 in both lang-s. the syllable correlation in words is following: in E1 syllable words 55%, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. In U 2 syll. 39%, 3, 4, 1, 5, 6. the typology of the syllable is based on the number of cons-s and their arrangement: left arr-nt covered CV, uncovered VC. Right arr-nt CV open syll, VC closed syll. 66% of syll-s in E and 27 % in U are closed. CV, VC, CVC are most occurant structures in both lang-s.

ССССV only in U вшкварити.

Allom. only in U: а-гентств CVCCCCC, впхнув CCCCVC, впхнувсь CCCCVCC. All. Only in E: prompts CCVCCCC, con-structs CVC-CCCVCCC, sprinkles CCCVCCCC.

Consonaltal syll-s occur only in E. gar-den CV-CC, min-strels CVC-CCCCC. There are 3 theories of syll-n: acc.to the articulatory principle R.Stetson: there are so many SS in the words as there are chest pulses. Acoustic pr R.Jackobson denid that sonorants have syl-forming function, doesn’t work in practice: влк. Combinatorial, functional pr: Ss are organized acc.to their sonorityN.Zhymkin.Sonority scheme: 1. Vowels, 2. Sonorants, 3. Voiced Cs, 4. Voiceless Cs.

17. Word stress in the lang-s compared.

One or more Ss in the polysyllabic words or one or more words in a phrase or a sentence have greater prominence that the others as they are stressed. There are 4 parameters to analyse stress: 1. acc.to its nature. 2. to its position 3. function 4. quality. Analysing the nature of WS we take into account its loudness, pitch (pitch characteristics are dominant in E), sound quantity (length of sound producing, relevant in U: міілка). The position of WS: fixed E: beauty, beautiful. Most of 1-2 syllable words are char-ed by fixed S. Free: an object, to object; слово, словник. Shifting WS: al`ready, `already, о`лені, `олені. Quality of the WS: primary sunny, літо. Secondary: all. feature, but is more used in E in compounds in di-tri- or polysyllabic worbs: a`ccomo/dation But: Дні`провсько-`Бузький, `жовто-бла`китний. There words with 2 primary stresses: so-so, untrue, dislike, undertake. Or those which have parallel accentuation or a shifting WS: al`ready, `already, о`лені, `олені. The functions of WS (are isom): constitutive (+ distinctive suspect-to suspect, `колос-ко`лос ), distinctive found in oppositions of words having the same form but diffr.meanings `замок, за`мок. An ice house, a nice house, a blackbird, a black bird: d ifferentiates categorical meanings of words esp in Ukr: A) case-number distinction: козак-козака) В) case, number, neutar gender of nouns: `диво-ди`ва.C) parts of speech distinction: `тепла зима-хочеться теп`ла. Phrasal stress: ISom feature but in E only notional words are stressed, sentence stress: emphatic, logical. Accentuation in U is a very important form-buildig means: автор-автори(plurality), малий-менший (degrees of comparison), вивчати-вивчити (non-perfect-perfect verb forms). Isom for E and U is that the stressing in di- and polysyllabic words is recessive or restrictedly recessive (still more spread in E but charac-c in U)

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