The Future Perfect Tense

The Future Perfect Tense образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to have в Future Indefinite (shall have, will have) и Past Participle смыслового глагола: I shall have worked, he will have worked.

Спряжение глагола to work в Future Perfect

Пpимечание: В разговорной речи употребляются те же сокращения, что и в Future Indefinite: I'll, he'll и т. д.; shan't, won't.

Future Perfect употребляется для выражения будущего действия, которое совершится до определенного момента в будущем. Future Perfect переводится на русский язык будущим временем глагола совершенного вида. Момент до которого совершится действие может быть определен:

а) такими обозначениями времени, как by five o’clock к пяти часам, by Saturday к субботе, by the 15^th of December к 15 декабря, by the end of the year к концу года, by that time к тому времени и т.д.

We shall have translated the article by five o’clock.

Мы (уже) переведем статью к пяти часам.

We shall have shipped the goods by that time.

Мы уже отгрузим товары к этому времени.

б) другим будущим действием, выраженным в Present Indefinite в придаточных предложениях времени и условия:

I shall have finished this work before you return.

Я уже окончу эту работу до того, как вы возвратитесь.

The train will have left by the time we get to the station.

Поезд уже уйдет к тому времени, как мы приедем на вокзал.

Future Perfect иногда выражает не будущее действие, а предполагаемое действие, относящееся к прошедшему. В этом случае Future Perfect приближается по значению к сочетанию must с Perfect Infinitive и переводится на русский язык прошедшим временем в сочетании со словами вероятно, должно быть. В таком употреблении Future Perfect часто встречается в деловых письмах и журнальных статьях:

You will have read in the newspapers about the conclusion of this agreement.

Вы, должно быть, читали в газетах о заключении этого соглашения.

EXERCISES

Exercise 1. Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Simple or the Present Perfect.

1. Look! They (to stop). 2. I (to want) to see you. I (not to see) you for ages!

3. What (to be) your name? – My name (to be) always Cole. 4. You (to read) this book? – Yes. – What you (to think) of it? 5. I (not to be) to a zoo before. It (to be) a nice feeling to go somewhere you never (to be) before. 6. You (to know) Nick? – Yes. – How long you (to know) him? – I (to know) him for ten years. 7. There (to be) a lot of things I (to want) to do for a long time and I (not to do) them. 8. You (to realize) we (to know) each other for quite a period of time now? 9. You (to know) the girl who just (to leave) the shop? – Yes, that (to be) Bella York. – She (to be) a customer of yours? – Not, exactly. She (to be) here several times, but she never (to buy) anything. 10. Come in, I (to be) awake since sun-up. 11. I (not to see) your pictures for a long time. Can I look round? 12. It’ll be good to see him again. How long he (to be) away? It (to seem) ages. 13. I (to know) you nearly all my life, but I never (to see) you so exited about anything.

Exercise 2. Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Perfect or the Past Simple.

1. She just (to go out). 2. She (to leave) the room a moment ago. 3. We (not yet to solve) the problem. 4. When it all (to happen)? 5. The morning was cold and rainy, but since ten o’clock the weather (to change) and now the Sun is shining brightly. 6. Show me the dress which you (to make). 7. Oh, how dark it is! A large black cloud (to cover) the sky. 8. Oh, close the window! Look, all my papers (to fall) on the floor because of the wind. 9. When you (to open) the window? – I (to open) it ten minutes ago. 10. The Sun (not to rise) yet, but the sky in the east is getting lighter every minute. 11. I (to see) you walking along the street the other day with a heavy bag. 12. I (not to read) the newspaper today. 13. It is very late, and trams (to stop) running: we must find a taxi to get home. 15. At last I (to translate) this article: now I’ll have a little rest. 16. We (to go) to the country yesterday, but the train (to spoil) all the pleasure.

Exercise 3. Use the words in brackets to make up sentences with verbs in the Past Perfect Tense.

Example: She was terribly upset. (to quarrel/with her boyfriend)

She had quarreled with her boyfriend.

1. He was very hungry (to have time/to eat/ during the whole day).

2. We were very glad to meet again. (not /to see each other/for several years).

3. Unfortunately I couldn’t speak to him. (to leave/by the time/to come).

4. She was late for the lesson. (because/to miss/the bus).

5. I didn’t recognize Mrs. Dale at once. (to change a lot/since/to meet/last).

6. He said he could go on holiday with us. (to pass/exams/by that/ time).

7. Nelly got a bad mark for the test. (not/to prepare for it/at all).

8. He had to return to the shop. (to forget/to buy bread).

9. I was not surprised at her behaviour. (to know her/for many years).

10. He was already very famous at the age of 30. (to make/an important discovery/by that time).

Exercise 4. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form using the Past Perfect or the Past Simple.

Образец: Was father at home when I phoned? – No, he had already left.

Was father at home when I phoned? – Yes, but he left soon afterwards.

1. The flat was empty when he arrived. Everybody ………… (to go) to the party.

2. There were voices heard from the kitchen, so I………….(to go) straight there.

3. He cannot take part in the competition. He……………(to break) his leg yesterday.

4. There was an accident at the mountain top. Some skier (to break) his leg and the ambulance men were carrying him to the road. So we …………….(to stop) to let them pass.

Exercise 5. Put the verbs into the correct form, the Past Simple or the Past Perfect.

1. We hardly (to leave) town, when it (to begin) to rain. 2. The moon (not to rise). There was nothing to dispel the dark of the night. 3. On glancing at the address, he observed that it contained no name. The stranger (not to go) far, so he followed him to ask it. 4. When at his house, they (to tell) me that he (to leave) an hour ago. 5. No sooner he (to take) a drink himself, than Mrs Fettle (to look) in. 6. When I (to come) to see my friend, I (to find) him lying in bed. He (to look) very pale as he (to be) seriously ill for a whole month. 7. He hardly (to light) another cigarette, when the general (to come) into the courtyard. 8. Gemma went slowly down the stairs, Martini following in silence. She (to grow) to look ten years older in these few days, and her hair (to become) gray. 9. Presently the sounds of voices and footsteps approaching along the terrace roused her from the dreamy state into which she (to fall). 10. She was a woman of nearly fifty who (to be) obviously pretty one.

Exercise 6. Answer the questions using the verbs in brackets in the Future Perfect Tense.

Образец: Will you still be busy if I call you at six? (to finish).

Oh, no, we will have finished by that time.

1. Will they still be staying at the hotel tomorrow? (to move to their new house.

2. Will you be discussing the plan at 2 o’clock? (to make a decision).

3. Will your students be writing a test at ten in the morning? (to finish).

4. Will your brother still be a student next autumn? (to graduate).

5. Will you still remember me in five years? (to forget).

6. Will he be at home on Saturday? (to leave for Scotland).

7. Will she be expecting your call tomorrow morning? (receive my letter).

8. Will you be having a lesson when I come home? (to go to the swimming-pool).

Exercise 7. Translate into English.

1. Твои друзья будут в Англии, когда ты приедешь туда летом? – Я уверен, что они уже вернутся из Южной Африки. 2. Подожди меня! Я не взяла деньги. 3. Войдя в комнату, он увидел Анну там, где её оставил. 4. Я напишу это письмо к тому времени, как придет секретарь. 5. Я только что была у зубного врача и чувствую себя намного лучше. 6. Он говорит неправду. Он не сделал уроки. 7. Он не прочел и полкниги, как заявил, что она ему не нравится. 8. У нас только что было собрание. Мы успели обсудить многие вещи. 9. Поезд уже уйдет к тому времени, когда мы придем на станцию. 10. К 20 июня мы сдадим все экзамены. 11. Когда все ушли, она подошла к телефону и быстро набрала номер. 12. Дождь прекратился. Мы можем идти гулять.

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