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Харчування, вітаміни
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I. Learn the following words.
| nutrition – харчування; nutrient – поживний; deal with - мати справу; |
| food – продукти; |
| fuel – пальне; |
| calcium - кальцій; chromium - хром; copper - мідь; iodine - йод; iron - залізо; magnesium - магній; phosphorus - фосфор; carbohydrate - вуглевод; glycogen – глікоген. 1. Match the definitions with the following words. |
| 1. | A food made from milk | a. | fruit |
| 2. | A creature which lives in water | b. | bread |
| 3. | The white liquid which animals produce | с. | rice |
| 4. | A sweet part of a plant | d. | milk |
| 5. | A food made from flour | e. | cheese |
| 6. | The object from which birds start their lives | f. | meat |
| 7. | The parts of an animal's body used as food | g. | fish |
| 8. | Birds like hens and ducks | h. | eggs |
| 9. | Which is white when boiled for food | i. | poultry |
NUTRITION
Nutrition is the science that deals with food and how the body uses it. Food supplies the energy for every action we perform. It also provides substance that the body needs to build and repair its tissues and to regulate its organs and systems.
A proper diet helps to prevent certain illnesses and aids in recovery from other. Eating a balanced diet is the best way to ensure that the body receives all the food substances it needs. The daily diet should include a certain number of servings from each of five food groups:
vegetables;
fruit;
breads, cereals, rice and pasta;
milk, yogurt and cheese;
meat, poultry, fish, dried beans and peas, eggs and nuts.
Food provides certain chemical substances needed for good health. The substances, called nutrients, perform one or more of three functions:
1. They provide materials for building, regaining or maintaining body tissues.
2. They help to regulate body processes.
3. They serve as fuel to provide energy.
There are six main groups of nutrients. Water is the most critical nutrient. One can live without other nutrients for several weeks, but we can go without water for only about one week. The body needs water to carry out all its life processes. Adults should consume about 2—2.5 litres of water a day. Carbohydrates include all sugars and starches. They serve as the main source of energy. The main sugar in food is sucrose, ordinary white or brown sugar. Fructose comes from most fruits and many vegetables. Lactose is found in milk. Foods containing starches include beans, breads, cereals, corn, pasta (macaroni). Fats are a highly concentrated source of energy and they are composed of an alcohol called glycerol and substances called fatty acids. Proteins provide energy and serve as one of the main building materials of the body. Muscle, skin, cartilage and hair are made up largely of proteins. Every cell contains proteins called enzymes, which speed up chemical reactions. Minerals are needed for the growth and maintenance of body structures. Calcium, magnesium, phosphorus are essential parts of the bones and teeth. There are trace elements which include chromium, cooper, fluorine, iodine, iron and zinc. Iron is an important haemoglobin. Vitamins should be supplied daily in the diet.
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