V. Supplement. 1. Read and translate the following text

Text

1. Read and translate the following text. Get ready to comment such
serious endocrine system disease as diabetes.

2. Find key sentences in the text and write a short summary.

DIABETES

Diabetes mellitus is a medical condition caused by the failure of,the body to regulate the blood sugar levels. Blood sugar levels are regulated by insulin pro­duced in the pancreas.

Glucose comes from the foods you eat. Insulin is a hormone that helps the glu­cose get into your cells to give them energy. With type 1 diabetes, your body does not make insulin. With type 2 diabetes, the more common type, your body does not make or use insulin well. Without enough insulin, the glucose stays in your blood.

Over time, having too much glucose in your blood can cause serious prob­lems. It can damage your eyes, kidneys, and nerves. Diabetes can also cause heart disease, stroke and even the need to remove a limb. Pregnant women can also get diabetes, called gestational diabetes¹.

Symptoms of type 2 diabetes may include fatigue, thirst, weight loss, blurred² vision and frequent urination. Some people have no symptoms. A blood test can show if you have diabetes. Exercise, weight control and sticking to your meal plan can help to control your diabetes. You should also monitor your glucose level and take medicine if prescribed.

Type 1 diabetes. When the pancreas fails to produce enough insulin, type 1 diabetes (previously known as juvenile diabetes³) occurs. Symptoms include ex­cessive thirst, hunger, urination, and weight loss. In children and teens, the condi­tion is usually an autoimmune disorder in which specific immune system cells and antibodies produced by the immune system attack and destroy the cells of the pancreas that produce insulin. The disease can cause long-term complications includ­ing kidney problems, nerve damage, blindness⁴, and early coronary heart disease and stroke. To control their blood sugar levels and reduce the risk of developing diabetes complications, people with this condition need regular injections of insulin.

Also remember the following information connected with the level of insulin: Low levels of insulin and high sugar intake increase the blood sugar that leads to hyperglycaemia (high blood sugar). This usually develops over a number of days. This can be controlled with diet, insulin injections or tablets. Too much insulin or too little sugar can cause hypoglycaemia.

Hyperglycaemia and hypoglycaemia can be recognized as follows:

Notes:

¹gestational diabetes — діабет вагітних

²blurred — нечіткий, розпливчастий

³juvenile diabetes — юнацький діабет

⁴blindness — сліпота

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