ТЕСТ ПО ЛЕКСИКОЛОГИИ АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКА

1. Lexicology is the branch of linguistics dealing with....

a) grammatical employment of linguistic units

b) various lexical means and stylistic devices

c) different properties of words and the vocabulary of a language

2. Lexicology has close ties with....

a) phonetics and grammar

b) phonetics, grammar, history of a language, stylistics and sociolinguistics

c) literature, history and sociology

3. The synchronic approach to the study of language material is concerned with....

a) the use of various words and phrases in particular communicative situations

b) the evolution of the vocabulary items

c) the vocabulary of a language as it exists at a given period of time

4. By external structure of the word we mean …

a) its meaning

b) its morphological structure

5. Which branch of lexicology deals with the meaning of words and other linguistic units?

а) Onomasiology

b) Semasiology

c) Lexical Morphology

6. Lexical meaning is …

a) general, standard

b) individual, unique

7. Two or more words identical in sound-form but different in meaning, distribution and (in many cases) origin are …

a) antonyms

b) homonyms

c) paronyms

8. By their graphic and sound-form there may be …

a) full and partial homonyms

b) grammatical, lexical and lexico-grammatical homonyms

c) perfect homonyms, homophones and homographs

9. Homophones are …

a) identical in spelling but different in sound-form

b) identical in sound-form but different in spelling

10. When two or more homonyms can originate from different meanings of the same word when, for some reason, the semantic structure of the word breaks into several parts, this type of formation of homonyms is called …

a) borrowing

b) split of polysemy

c) word-building

11. Word-formation …

a) deals with segmentation of words into morphemes

b) is an autonomous language mechanism which is used to make new words

12. The morphemes which may occur alone and coincide with word-forms or immutable words are …

a) bound morphemes

b) free morphemes

13. Affixation consists in …

a) putting two stems together

b) adding an affix to a stem

14. A non-affixal type of word-building is …

a) compounding

b) conversion

15. The meaning of a compound is derived from …

a) the structural meaning of its pattern

b) the lexical meanings of its immediate constituents and from the structural

meaning of its pattern

c) the lexical meanings of its immediate constituents

16. Compounds may be coordinative and subordinative according to…

a) the order of their immediate constituents

b) the nature of their immediate constituents

c) the relations between their immediate constituents

17. Conversion is …

a) formation of verbs or nouns from other parts of speech

b) formation of verbs

c) formation of nouns

18. The branch of linguistics which studies the ways of bringing words together in the flow of speech is called …

a) phraseology

b) lexical morphology

19. Which of the phraseological units are completely non-motivated and usually stable?

a) phraseological unities

b) phraseological fusions

c) phraseological collocations

20. The main criteria of the semantic approach to phraseology are …

a) function

b) stability and idiomaticity

c) non-variability of context and partial variability of context

21. Idioms proper lie outside the province of phraseology because …

a) they function as word-equivalents, being semantically, grammatically and syntactically inseparable

b) they are metaphorically motivated and never function in speech as word-equivalents, being semantically and grammatically separable

22. Phraseological units are classified into phrasemes and idioms according to …

a) the semantic approach to phraseology

b) the functional approach to phraseology

c) the contextual approach to phraseology

23. Proverbs, sayings and quotations are …

a) phraseological units

b) idioms proper

24. A variety of a language which prevails in a district, with local peculiarities of vocabulary, pronunciation and phrase is …

a) a dialect

b) an accent

25. British, American, Australian and Canadian English are …

a) local dialects

b) regional variants of standard language

26. The science of dictionary-compiling is …

a) lexicology

b) lexicography

27. Historical events, geographical names, names for diseases, plants, animals, institutions are included in …

a) encyclopaedic dictionaries

b) linguistic dictionaries

28. Dictionaries of terms are intermediate between encyclopaedic and linguistic ones because …

a) their logical and lexicographic definitions are similar

b) their logical and lexicographic definitions are different

29. The dictionary giving the information in the same language is …

a) bilingual

b) monolingual

30. The dictionaries containing units in one language and their equivalents in another are …

a) translation dictionaries

b) explanatory dictionaries

31. Combinability of the word depends on …

a) its lexical meaning

b) its lexical and grammatical meaning

32. The content plane of words includes

a) denotative meaning

b) denotative and connotative meaning

33. Connotative meaning is …

a) the emotive charge and the stylistic value of the word

b) the word’s reference to the object

34. The main types of semantic transfer are …

a) overstatement and understatement

b) irony and enantiosis

c) metaphor and metonymy

d) euphemism

35. Metaphor is based on …

a) contiguity of referents

b) similarity of referents in shape, in function, in position, in behaviour, etc.

36. Which of the following minor types of semantic transfer consists innaming unpleasant or offensive referents in a polite, conventional, indirect or round-about way?

a) irony

b) enantiosis

c) euphemism

d) overstatement

37. By words which because of similarity of sound or partial identity of morphemic structure can be erroneously or punningly used in speech we mean …

a) paronyms

b) homonyms

38. The words incredulous and incredible are …

a) homonyms

b) antonyms

c) paronyms

d) synonyms

39. The members of a thematic group which belong to the same part of speech and are so close to one another semantically that to be able to use them correctly in speech we require exact knowledge of the shades of meaning and stylistic connotations, which distinguish them from one another, are …

a) synonyms

b) antonyms

40. The synonyms dad – father – parent are …

a) ideographic

b) ideographic-stylistic

41. Phraseological units are understood as …

a) non-motivated word-combinations that are reproduced as ready-made stable units

b) motivated word-combinations that allow of variability of their components

42. The major criteria for distinguishing between phraseological units and free word-groups are …

a) semantic

b) stylistic

c) semantic and structural

d) structural

43. The morpheme is …

a) a two-facet unit possessing both form and content, positionally mobile and syntactically independent

b) the smallest indivisible two-facet unit which occurs in speech only as a constituent part of the word

44. The morphemes in the words motherly – quickly are …

a) synonymous

b) antonymous

c) homonymous

45. Root morphemes carry …

a) lexical and grammatical meaning

b) lexical meaning

46. The morphemes which may occur alone and coincide with word-forms or immutable words are …

a) bound morphemes

b) free morphemes

47. The most numerous amongst the words produced by conversion are…

a) verbs made from nouns

b) nouns made from verbs

48. The USA, the U.N.O. are …

a) Latin abbreviations

b) shortened words

c) acronyms

49. Words denoting objects and phenomena which are things of the past and no longer exist are called …

a) archaisms

b) historisms

c) obsolete words

50. The earliest group of English borrowings is …

a) Scandinavian

b) French

c) Latin

d) Celtic

51. The word mag is …

a) a clipping

b) an abbreviation

52. Transference based on resemblance is …

a) metonymy

b) metaphor

53. Narrowing of meaning is …

a) generalization

b) specialization

54. Degradation of meaning is …

a) elevation

b) degeneration

55. Indo-European elements are …

a) native

b) borrowed

56. International words are …

a) borrowed by several languages

b) borrowed by one language

57. Words coined only for this particular occasion are …

a) neologisms

b) nonce-words

58. The native noun-forming suffixes –dom and –ship are …

a) non-productive

b) productive

59. The word chit-chat is …

a) an etymological doublet

b) an example of reduplication

60. The diachronic approach to the study of language material deals with....

a) the changes and the development of vocabulary in the course of time

b) the structural and semantic entity of language units within the language system

c) the influence of extra-linguistic factors over the development of a language system as a whole

61. Which meaning of the polysemantic adjective barbaric is its primary meaning....

a) very cruel and violent

b) primitive; unsophisticated

c) uncivilized and uncultured

d) foreign

62. The words heir — air refer to....

a) homographs

b) homonyms proper

c) homophones

63. The antonyms happy — sad refer to....

a) contraries

b) contradictories

c) incompatibles

64. The structural pattern of the word heavy-hearted is....

a) a + (n + -ed)

b) (a + n) + -ed

c) (a + n) + -sf

65. The prefix fore- in the word foreknowledge means....

a) 'before'

b) 'placed at the front'

c) 'inside, within'

66. The phraseological unit to get smb's back up means....

a) to be popular with smb.

b) to annoy smb.

c) to sympathize with smb.

67. The phraseological unit to get one's claws into smb meaning 'to find a way of influencing or controlling someone' is a....

a) phraseological fusion

b) phraseological collocation

c) phraseological unity

68. Which of the words has a prefix denoting repetition?

a) enrich

b) return

c) befriend

d) reappear.

69. Which of the suffixes is used for the formation of nouns?

a) –ness

b) -less

c) –ish

d) -ize.

70. Which of the suffixes is a verb-suffix?

a) –an

b) -ing

c) –en

d) -tion.

71. Which of the suffixes is an adjective-suffix?

a) –er

b) -ness

c) –ous

d) -fy.

72. Find a noun built with the help of a suffix denoting a female being:

a) teacher

b) Japanese

c) cyclist

d) farmerette.

73. Find a noun built with the help of a suffix denoting the agent of a verbal action:

a) pianist

b) instructor

c) auntie

d) villager.

74. Find a noun built with the help of a suffix denoting the process of an action:

a) singer

b) darkness

c) development

d) freedom.

75. Find a noun built with the help of a suffix denoting state:

a) realism

b) happiness

c) trustee

d) translation.

76. Which of the adjectives is built with the help of a suffix denoting the absence of the quality?

a) childish

b) hopeless

c) eatable

d) talkative.

77. Find an adjective built with the help of a suffix denoting the presence of the quality in a small degree:

a) powerful

b) bookish

c) worthless

d) reddish.

78. Find a suffixated adjective formed from an adjective stem:

a) dirty

b) movable

c) bearded

d) greenish.

Вопросы к зачету по лексикологии английского языка

1. Предмет и задачи лексикологии. Вокабуляр, лексические единицы. Слово.

2. Морфемы. Определение и типы.

3. Аффиксация. Омонимия словообразовательных и словоизменительных аффиксов.

4. Классификации аффиксов: этимологическая, по частям речи, семантическая.

5. Продуктивность. Продуктивные, непродуктивные, живые и мертвые аффиксы.

6. Конверсия. Средство словообразования; факторы, способствующие конверсии.

7. Продуктивные образцы конверсии.

8. Словосложение. Классификации (семантическая и структурная).

9. Критерии определения сложных слов.

10. Реверсия, сокращение (типы), звукоподражание, удваивание.

11. Значение слова. Семантический треугольник.

12. Понятие значения. Объем и содержание значения.

13. Компонентный состав значения (предметный, концептуальный, эмоционально-оценочный, системно-обусловленный компонент).

14. Многозначность слова. Переносы значений.

15. Омонимия (определение, классификации, источники появления).

16. Антонимические пары. Синонимические ряды (классификации синонимов).

17. Гиперонимы, гипонимы. Эвфемизмы. Паронимы.

18. Стилистическая характеристика языка (нейтральная, книжная, разговорная лексика, слэнг, терминология). Региональные особенности английского языка.

19. Этимологическая классификация лексики.

20. Ассимиляция. Типы и степени ассимиляции.

21. Фразеологические единицы vs свободные словосочетания. Критерии определения фразеологизмов: семантический и структурный.

22. Классификации фразеологических единиц.

23. Лексикография. Классификации словарей, строение словарной статьи.

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