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Method of diffraction of X-rays radiation

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X-ray radiation is used for the analysis of membrane structures. The main condition of display of diffraction is comparability of the sizes of object on which radiation goes, and lengths of a wave of this radiation. For the analysis of small objects radiation with length of a wave a little nanometers is necessary. A range of x-ray lengths of its waves from 10-5 up to 80 nanometers. Let's consider crystal structure. Parallel beams fall on two next atoms (fig. 4). They are reflected from the next atoms of a crystal lattice, and then there is interference, gathering in one point in some screen. Difference of a course of beams , d - internuclear distance, - corner of sliding.

Two waves will strengthen each other if difference of a course it is equal to an integer of lengths of waves

 

Observing a picture of diffraction on the screen, it is possible to establish, under what corner the maximum of the first order (n=1) is observed, for Fig. 4. Diffraction of X-rays.

example. Knowing length of a wave, it is possible to find the major parameter of structure of investigated substance - internuclear distance.

By means of the X-rays t analysis have been confirmed double layer arrangement of phospholipids and presence at membranes of protein, the important structural parameters of a membrane are calculated.

 


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