Interposition of a source of probing radiation, bject and the detector

From the point of view of interposition of a source of probing radiation, object and the detector tomographic methods can be divided into following groups:

Transmission - the probing external radiation which has been last through passive (not radiating) object is registered, being partially weakened thus;

Issue - the radiation leaving active (radiating) object with some spatial distribution of sources of radiation is registered;

Combined transmission-issue (luminescent, acoustic and optical) - secondary radiation from the sources distributed on volume of object and raised by external radiation is registered;

Echosounding - the probing external radiation reflected from internal structures of passive object is registered.

The sizes of investigated objects:

Microlevel (microtomography) - objects with size as separate cell are investigated

Level of objects, commensurable with a human body (from separate body or the laboratory mouse till the airplane)

Macrolevel - the atmospheric phenomena (clouds, cyclones, a tornado), planets and stars.

It is possible allocate by sphere of application:

Medical tomography (as a kind of medical visualization and medical diagnostics);

Industrial (technical) tomography (as a kind defectoscopy);

Tomography of macroobjects.

Probing radiation.

Tomography with use of sound waves (including seismic):

Ultrasonic tomography;

Seismic tomography

Tomography with use of electromagnetic radiation:

Issue tomography (scale-radiation);

One-photon issue tomography

Two-photon issue tomography

X-ray tomography; X-ray computer tomography

Optical (laser) tomography

Tomography in a radio range.

Tomography with use of electromagnetic fields:

magnetic-resonant tomography (MR-tomography)

Electro-impedance tomography.

Tomography with use of elementary particles:

Neutron tomography

Electronic tomography;

Proton tomography.

For tomographic methods the similar hierarchy can be presented as:

Two-dimensional tomography: it is a lot of foreshortenings from one plane - a set of one-dimensional projections plus mathematical processing - the 2D-tomogram

Three-dimensional level-by-level tomography: it is a lot of foreshortenings in set of parallel planes - a set of one-dimensional projections plus mathematical processing - a set of 2D-tomograms - the 3D-tomogram

Three-dimensional any tomography: it is a lot of foreshortenings in set of crossed planes - a set of one-dimensional projections plus mathematical processing - the 3D-tomogram

We receive distribution of some physical characteristic (areas of points of easing are restored). One foreshortening gives not enough information, therefore there is a necessity in repeated просвечивании in various crossed directions.

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