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WAYS OF RENDERING THE MEANING OF NATIONALLY BIASED UNITS OF LEXICON

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  1. ASYNDETIC NOUN CLUSTERS AND RENDERING THEIR MEANING INTO UKRAINIAN
  2. Basic notions of the grammatical description: grammatical form, grammatical meaning, paradigm, grammatical category
  3. By grammatical forms we understand variants of a word having the same lexical meaning but differing grammatically.
  4. By Transcription or Transliteration and Explication of Their Genuine Nationally Specific Meaning
  5. Categorial meaning, division of nouns into subclasses
  6. Categorial meaning, grammatical forms and classes of the Verb
  7. D. Ways Of Conveying the Meanings of Subjective Modality
  8. Deducing meaning and ideas
  9. Exercise II. Definite the ways in which the Ukrainian units of the national lexicon are translated (or should be translated) into English.
  10. Exercise III. Read carefully the sentences containing some American/British nationally peculiar notions and translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
  11. Exercise IV. Point out the sense units in the three-componental asyndetic substantival clusters below and render descriptively their meanings into Ukrainian.
  12. Identification of International Lexicon Units

The choice of the way of approach to expressing the denotative meanings of the units of specifically national lexicon is strictly prede­termined by some definite factors, which may be both of a lingual and extralingual nature. To these belong first of all the semantic and struc­tural complexity (or similarity) of the units of the culturally biased


 




specific national lexicon of the source language. As a result, the meth­ods of translating may also be predetermined by the specific notion being new and not yet quite known as well as by its long tradition of usage in the target language. The choice of the method of translating may partly be influenced by the sphere of circulation of the specific notion in the source language. Last but not least this choice can also depend on the translator himself and upon the aim or purpose of trans­lating/interpreting. Hence, one may consequently assume the exist­ence of several ways of conveying the lexical meanings of the cultur­ally biased units of national lexicon. Each of these ways can be con­sidered quite reliable, if it provides the faithful expression of the main and specific sense of the source language unit in the target language. Since the nature, the structure, the sphere of employment and the denotative meaning of different culturally biased units of national lexicon are rarely of the same semantic «extension», their methods of translating can not be uniform either. Taking into account or rather depending on the afore-mentioned factors, the following methods of conveying the meaning of specifically national units of lexicon can be recognized as quite reliable:

I. By Transcription or Transliteration Exclusively The units of the nationally specific lexicon, whose meanings are rendered at the phonological level, usually belong to genuine internationalisms and comprise social and political units of lexicon in the main (cf. lord, lady, mister, shilling, kozak, hryvnia, etc.). This can also be observed on the following examples:

New classified rates per word for Нові тарифи на рекламу в ads in hryvnias in the Kyiv Post, гривнях за слово в газеті «Київ

Пост».

«It's a poor coloured woman's place and you are a grand gentleman from Cape Town.» (P.Abrahams) «You're a supercilious half-baked snob.» (Cronin) Andrew put out some bottled beer and asked Christine to prepare sandwiches. (Ibid.)

Це кімната для бідної

кольорової жінки, а ти ж

великий джентльмен із

Кейптауна.

Ти насправді зарозумілий і

обмежений сноб.

Ендрю дістав кілька пляшок

пива і попросив Крістін

приготувати йому сандвічі.


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