Драматичний

хвилюючий яскравий раптовий непередбачений

індустрія промисловість галузь промисловості старанність працьовитість

Apart from the polysemantic words with several meanings, one of which is genuine international and the rest pseudo-international, i.e., non-international as in the examples above, there are also quite a few words in present-day English and Ukrainian which have an identi­cal orthographic form but quite different lexical meaning: accurate точний, правильний, Влучний but not акуратний; billet ордер на постій, приміщення для постою but not квиток; compositor складач (друк.) but not композитор; data дані but not дата; decade десятиріччя but not декада; decoration нагорода, прикраса but not декорація; D utch голландський but not данський; fabulist байкар, вигадник but not фабуліст; intelligence розум, кмітливість but not інтелігенція; m omentous важливий but not моментальний; matrass колба but not матрац (mattress); obligation зобов'язання but not облігація; p otassium калій but not поташ; prospect перспектива but not проспект; production виробництво, випуск but not only продукція; re pjica точна копія but not репліка; spectre привид but not спектр, _etc.

As can be ascertained, these English words quite accidentally coincide in their lingual f_orm with some other borrowed words in Ukrai­nian. Thus, «replica», f₀r example, has quite a different denotative meaning in Ukrainian than our репліка (cue, remark). So is the deno-

tative meaning of many other words, whose number by far exceeds that on the above-given list. These and the like pseudo-international words are often referred to as «false friends of the translator» (удавані друзі перекладача).

Unlike common lexical units, whose orthographic and sound­ing forms never coincide in the target language and in the source language, the lingual form of genuine international lexemes in all lan­guages is always either identical or similar. It does not mean that the structural form of genuine internationalisms is necessarily always trans­planted to the target language as it is observed in simple lexemes like drama, poet, opera, suffix, lord, kimono, sari, kiwi, motor, proton (драма, поет, опера, суфікс, лорд, кімоно, сарі, etc.).

More often the same genuine international lexemes in English and Ukrainian may have a different morphological structure. In Ukrai­nian they usually take derivational and often also inflexional affixes which is rarely observed in present-day English. As a result, most of genuine international words in Ukrainian are structurally more compli­cated than in English (cf. apathy - апат/я, dietic-дієтичний, form-форма, exploit - експлуат увати, economic - економіч ний), etc.

Some genuine international words, however, may be structur­ally more complicated in English than in Ukrainian: Cf.: Greek: analy­sis аналіз, diagnosis діагноз, sclerosis склероз, academician академік, geographer географ, mathematician математик, philoso­pher філософ, geologist геолог; Latin: appendicitis апендицит, tuber­culosis туберкульоз, rheumatismus ревматизм, etc.

Hence, the structural models according to which different logico-grammatical classes of internationalisms are adopted in English and in Ukrainian mostly differ. On this ground relevant for the identifica­tion, as well as for the translation of any international word, remains its root morpheme, i.e., its sense bearing seme. Taking this into ac­count, lexemes like anti-trade, arch-enemy, inventor consisting of international affixes and having common root morphemes are to be treated as non-internationalisms, i.e., as pseudointernationalisms. The international nature/status of a source language lexeme is con­sidered to be fully retained, when the root morpheme or at least the sense and lingual form (part of it) can be rendered in the target lan­guage. Consequently, the compounds consisting of a genuine inter­national and a common root morpheme as schopj-mate, coal-gas. washing- machine, etc. are to be defined in English as partly interna­tional, i.e., mixed-type lexical units. Similarly in Ukrainian: Газосховище, раоУо хвилі, водно- спирт овий.

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