GRAMMATICALLY AND STYLISTICALLY PREARRANGED TRANSFORMATIONS

Apart from the semantically conditioned outer transformations, a bulk of sense units of the source language can be faithfully trans­lated into the target language only through their structurally trans­formed semantic equivalents. Such kind of transformations usually become necessary because of the difference in the means of expres­sion in the target language. They are mainly employed in the following cases: 1) when translating antonymically; 2) when rendering the mean­ing of most passive constructions, and 3) when translating sentences with an inverted order of words.

Antonymic translation, as was already mentioned, requires a) an obligatory substitution of an affirmative in sense and structure source language unit for a semantically corresponding negative in struc­ture sense unit of the target language:

«For the thousandth time I've «Тисячний раз тобі кажу,

told you, to keep your nose out of _не втручайся ти в цю справу»
the business». (J.London) /Будь подалі від цієї справи.

Fair words fat few. (Proverb) Гарні слова не нагодують.

This proverb may also have some other antonymic versions, which faithfully convey its meaning via an explicit form in Ukrainian: Від гарних слів їсти не перехочеться /гарними словами голод не проженеш (не вгамуєш).

b) A reverse transformation of negative in structure sense units of the source language into semantically equivalent affirmative in struc­ture sense units in the target language is no less frequent in both languages either:

In reality, of course, the doc- Насправді ж лікар має

to r hasn't the least idea about тільки туманне уявлення про
what is wrong. (Cronin) цю хворобу (шахтарів).

«Can't I have a little peace?» «Ви можете дати мені
(Ibid.) спокій?»

When stylistically required, the transformation may sometimes be avoided, as in the first sentence above: Насправді ж лікар немає навіть найменшого уявлення про хворобу.

The choice of the form of expression/transformation usually rests with the translator only, who takes into account the contextual envi­ronment of each sense unit which is to be translated. As a result, there may sometimes be different explicit forms of realization of sense units in the target language, as can be seen from the given sentences in the exercise below.

Exercise I. Analyse the underlined English sense units and offer ways of their explicit transformation in Ukrainian transla­tion of the sentences.

1. He was not slow, however, in perceiving that he had now his excuse for going home. 2. «Here you are then, Soames,» she said, «I am not so bad now.» 3. «I don't dislike you, Mr. Mont, but Fleur is everything to me.» (Galsworthy) 4. «No, I don't believe I don't remember the name.» (K.Mansfield) 5. «Did this nigger boy set fire to Mr. Feakens's old yellow house?» «No more than you did.» (Saroyan) 6. It was not unknown for small boys to enter a monastery. (Ken Follet)

7. It was no uncommon sight to see Gadge drooping across the waiting room with a prescription in his hand. 8. «Doctor», she said in her brisk way, «my husband is not well». 9. «Well, I did take it. And it was not an unconsidered act.» 10. «I think we are not doing too badly.» 11. It was not unnatural to take it (illness) back into his own hands. (Cronin)

12. «I didn't care a hang whether the soap was in or whether it wasn't.»

13. «Girls, also, don't look half bad in a boat, if prettily dressed.»

14. The first thing that they thought was the boat was not clean. (J.K. Jerome) 15. Miss Bingley was by no means unwilling to preside at his table. (I. Austen) 16. He could not be unaware that every one regarded him as a bit a hero. (Cusack) 17. In this case widowhood (of Mary Stewart) was not unwelcome, as she was a girl of eighteen, and her husband a prematurely aged sick man of fifty-three. 18. He (Prince of Wales) was not infrequently the companion of his father on some of his journeys into the country. (Jerrold) 19. «You don't mind my being frank, do you?». 20. They were not handsome creatures. (London) 21. It was not till the dawn crept into the room, ghostlike and silent, that he fell asleep. (Maugham) 22. «I didn't have much lunch. Doctor.»

23. «You aren't going to have anything to do with that feller, Doctor?»

24. The sound, not unlike the rat-a-tat-tat of parade drums, heralded Hickock's arrival. (Capote) 25. «And that's your final word?» «It could not be more final.» 26. «The public are not slow in the matter of sifting evidence and arriving at a verdict.» 26. «Don't you think you might be able to use me when you get back?» 27. «I dislike these bastards». (Hemingway) 28. Frank Cowperwood cared nothing for books. (Dreiser)

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