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Translate the sentences into English

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  1. a) Mark the sentences T (true), F (false) or DS (doesn’t say).
  2. A) Read the dialogue and translate it into Ukrainian.
  3. A. Change the following sentences as shown on the model.
  4. Ask questions about the following sentences.
  5. B) After you have written the sentences translate them into Russian.
  6. B) Give sentences of your own using the same model.
  7. B) Imagine you are telling someone about what is said in the sentences below. Your fellow-student is to express agreement as in the model.
  8. B) Make up sentences using the following tables.
  9. B) Respond to the negative sentences of your fellow-student as in the model. Use contracted forms in speech.
  10. B) Translate into English using the above dialogue.
  11. B) Translate the description of the father's walk.
  12. B) Write sentences of your own using the phrases in bold type. Address them to the other students who should reply them expressing their approval or disapproval.

1. Будь сейчас каникулы, я бы поехал в Моск­ву. 2. Позвони она мне вчера, мы бы не выглядели так глупо сейчас. 3. Приди он вовремя, они бы уже закончили работу. 4. Будь это правда, он не стал бы отрицать этого. 5. Предупреди он нас, мы никогда бы не вмешались в это дело. 6. Будь он художником, он написал бы мой портрет. 7. О чем бы писал Горький, будь он жив сейчас? 8. Скажи он об этом раньше, все было бы теперь иначе. 9. Имей я тогда деньги, я прилетела бы самолетом. 10. Будь я снова в этих местах, я обязательно бы сходил на охоту. 11. Положи вы письмо в сумку, вы не потеряли бы его. 12. Я купила бы своему сыну коньки, умей он кататься. 13. Если бы не дождь, дети спали бы на от­крытом воздухе. 14. Если бы не постоянная забота матери, он никогда бы не поправился. 15. Если бы не ужасная жара, мы могли бы прогуляться немно­го. 16. Если бы не его лукавая улыбка, мы бы поверили всему, что он говорил. 17. Девушка не привлекла к себе бы внимания, если бы не ее прекрасные большие глаза. 18. Если бы не такси, мы не застали бы его дома. 19. Если бы не вы, я бы не пришла сюда. 20. Если бы не война, его судьба могла бы сложиться иначе. 21. Если бы не тишина, которая царила в доме, она ничего бы не услышала. 22. Если бы не будильник, мы бы проспали сегодня. 23. Если бы не ваше письмо, он ничего бы не узнал о нашей поездке в Москву. 24. Она давно бы пришла, если бы не сильный дождь. 25. Если бы не эта погода, она бы чувст­вовала себя неплохо.

 


UNIT 9

Unreal tenses and subjunctives

Explanations

It's time

1. It's time. It's high time

These are followed by past simple or continuous, though the time referred to is unreal.

It's time we left. It's high time I was/were going.

Was or were

As in conditional sentences, were can be used for all persons of be, though was is more common in everyday speech.

Wishes

Present

These are wishes where you want to change a present state.

I wish I had a motorbike. (I don't have one now.)

I wish you weren't leaving. (You are leaving.)

I wish I was going on holiday with you. (I am not going.)

2. Would and could

If the verb is an event verb, the reference is to the future. We use would or could after wish. Would here means ‘decided to’

I wish you would leave.

I wish I could come on holiday with you next year.

The use with would is often used to describe an annoying habit.

I wish you wouldn't make such a mess.

3. Past

These are wishes referring to a past event, which cannot be changed.

I wish I hadn't eaten so much.

This use is common after if only to express regrets.

4. Hope

Wishes about simple future events are expressed with hope.

I hope it doesn't rain tomorrow.

I hope he'll stop talking soon!

I'd rather/I prefer (followed by a clause)

1. I'd rather is followed by past tenses in the same way as wishes about the present. It expresses a personal preference about actions.

I'd rather you didn't smoke in here.

I'd sooner works in the same way.

Both I'd rather and I'd sooner are used with normal tenses when comparing nouns or phrases.

I'd rather be a sailor than a soldier. (present)

I'd rather have lived in Ancient Greece than Ancient Rome. (past)

2. I'd prefer can be used as part of a conditional 2 sentence. Note that 'prefer' in this type of sentence has an object ‘it’.

I'd prefer it if you didn't go.

I'd prefer is not followed by an unreal tense.

I'd prefer tea to coffee.

I'd prefer you not to go.

As if, As though

1. Real and unreal

The tense here depends on whether the comparison is true or unreal.

He acts as if he were in charge. (He isn't in charge.)

He acts as if he is in charge. (He is in charge.)

The difference is clearer with obviously unreal comparisons.

You look as if you had just seen a ghost!

In everyday speech, there is often no obvious difference made.

2. Present and past reference are both possible.

I feel as if I were flying. (I'm not.)

I feel as if an express train had hit me. (It didn't.)

Suppose and imagine

1. Understood conditions

The conditional part of these sentences is often understood but not stated.

Imagine we won the pools! (Imagine what we would do if...)

Suppose someone told you that I was a spy! (What would you say?)

As with conditional sentences, if the event referred to is a real possibility, rather than imaginary, a present tense is possible:

Suppose it starts raining, what'll we do?

2. Present or past

Present and past reference are both possible.

Imagine we'd never met!

Suppose we went to Wales for a change.


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