Что такое калька?

masterpiece, wonder child, first dancer, collective farm, five-year plan, lightning-war, fellow-traveller.

Сравните эти пары слов и объясните стилистическую разницу:

to begin – to commence, to wish – to desire, happiness – felicity.

motherly – maternal, fatherly – paternal, childish – infantile, daughterly – filial, womanly – feminine, brotherly – fraternal, to love – to adore, to build – to construct, to go on – to proceed, to take part in – to participate.

Cf. motherly love – maternal feelings, childish games – infantile diseases – infantile mind.

DIFFERENT: handy – manual, sunny – solar, toothy (grin) – dental (caviity), nosey (person) – nasal (sounds).

Укажите на полную и неполную ассимиляцию заимствований:

1. Obviously, chére madame, the thief would take care to recover the money before he returned the dog.

2. It was a commercial coup d’état which sent shares soaring in New York and London banks.

3. Arriving in Paris always causes me pain, even when I have been away for only a short while. It is a city which I never fail to approach with expectation and leave with disappointment.

4. dave raised his hand when he saw me with the dignified gesture of a patriarch greeting the appearance of an expected sign.

5. Madge seemed slimmer and more piquant, even her movements were more gracious.

Образуйте слова с помощью нижеследующих аффиксов:

-ness, -ous, -ly, -dom, -ish, -tion, -ed, -en, -ess, -or, -er, -hood, -less, -ate, -ing, -al, -ful,

un-, re-, im-(in-), dis-, over-, ab-

Объясните значение следующих аффиксов в словах:

reddish, overwrite, irregular, illegal, retype, old-womanish, disrespectable, inexpensive, unladylike, disorganize, renew, eatable, overdress, disinfection, snobbish, handful, tallish, sandy, breakable, underfed.

Объясните разницу значения слов в следующих парах и тройках:

watery – waterish, embarrass – embarrassing, manly – mannish, colourful – coloured, distressed – distressing, respected – respectful – respectable, exhaustive – exhausting – exhausted, bored – boring, touchy – touched – touching.

Найдите случаи конверсии и определите слово-источник:

1. The clerk was eyeing him expectantly.

2. Under the cover of that protective din he was able to toy with a streaming dish which the waiter had brought.

3. An aggressive man battled his way to Stout’s side.

4. – What are doing here? – I’m tidying your room.

5. My seat was in the middle of a row. I could not leave without inconveniencing a great,any people, so I remained.

6. How on earth do you remember to milk the cows and give pigs their dinner?

7. In a few minutes Papa stalked off, correctly booted and well mufflered.

8. Ten minutes later I was speeding along in the direction of Cape Town.

9. Restaurants in all large cities have their ups and downs.

Найдите смысловую связь между словами, находящимися в состоянии конверсии друг к другу:

1. “You’ve got a funny nose,” he added.

He began to nose about. He pulled out drawer after drawer, pottering round like an old bloodhound.

2. Buck seized Thornton’s hand in his teeth.

The desk clerk handed me the key.

3. A small dog sprang from a basket and stood yapping in the middle of the room.

There are advantages, you see, about rooming with Julia.

4. Use small nails and nail the picture on the wall.

5. The wolf was suspicious and afraid.

The boy was very hungry, he wolfed the food and asked for more.

6. These men wanted dogs, heavy dogs, with strong muscles.

“Jeeves,” I said, “I have begun to feel absolutely haunted. This woman dogs me.”

shelter – to shelter, park – to park, groom – to groom, elbow – to elbow, breakfast – to breakfast, pin – to pin, trap – to trap, fish – to fish, head – to head, nurse – to nurse.

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