TEXT B: AGRICULTURE

Agriculture is an important sector of economy. It provides people with different kinds of food.

Agriculture is an activity of people when they use land to produce food, clothing and other necessary materials. Ager is a Latin word. It means a field. So, agriculture means the cultivation of fields and growing crops.

This is the old meaning of this word. Now people do not only grow crops. They also breed farm animals. That is why there are two main branches of agriculture: crop growing and animal breeding.

We do not know when people began to grow crops. It was many thousand years ago. Now crop growing is a highly developed branch of agriculture.

The soil is the basis of agriculture. All plants grow in the soil. If we want to have high yields of crops we must have a fertile soil. All crops grow well in a good soil. They cannot grow well if the soil is poor, if there is not enough water, plant food, heat and air. People must dig or plough the soil and loosen it. They must water the plants, weed the fields, apply fertilizers. Soil fertility is very important for agricultural crops.

People can grow enough food for them if there is sufficient good soil for crops. There are two ways to grow enough food plants. They are: the increase in area of arable land and the intensification of agricultural production in the areas already used for cropping. At present the second way is more important.

Intensification is based on full mechanization, high application of fertilizers and extensive use of herbicides.

Agriculture is a very important part of our economy. It needs trained skilled specialist to work in the fields, gardens, forests, parks and greenhouses: agronomists, soil scientists, forestry specialists, plant pathologists, geneticists and many others.

11. Дайте відповіді на запитання:

1. What is agriculture?

2. What does the word ager mean?

3. What are two main branches of agriculture?

4. When do people begin to grow crops?

5. What is the basis of agriculture?

6. Where do the plants grow?

7. What should we do to have high yields of crops?

8. What must people do in the fields?

9. What are two ways to grow enough food plants?

10. Which of two ways is more important?

12. Перекладіть слова та словосполучення:

to provide, to produce, field, cultivation, to grow, to breed, branch, basis, crop, soil, fertilizer, garden, forest, plant.

13. З поданих нижче слів виберіть потрібні і підставте їх у речення:

1. Agriculture means the … of fields and … crops. 2. Soil is the … of agriculture. 3. There are two main … of agriculture: crop growing and animals breeding. 4. If we want to have high … of crops, we must have … soil. 5. Soil … is very important for agricultural …. 6. Intensification is based on full …, high … of fertilizers and extensive use of ….

Application, herbicides, crops, fertility, fertile, yields, branches, basis, mechanisation, growing, cultivation.

14. З групи слів В виберіть такі, що відповідають словам групи А:

A. Soil, yield, crop, fertile, grow, plough, cultivation, forest, dig, arable, to grow, branch, apply, to water.

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B. Родючий, поливати, орати, обробіток, грунт, рости, галузь, врожай, ліс, застосовувати, копати, орний, вирощувати, сільськогосподарська культура.

Урок 2

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