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TEXT B: Agricultural Mechanization and Automation
The mechanization and automation of agriculture are direct pathway to increase the production efficiency and product quality, by reducing cost and labor demands while improving working environment. Since 1990’s, the government strategically introduced measures such as land preparation, transplanting, harvesting and drying for rise and other crops, with a result of achieving mechanization up to 98%. Automation-assisted techniques have also been develop and applied to production of horticultural and special crops to enhance a better environment in farm management as well as production and harvesting systems. The inspection of grading can also be conducted in a non-destructive and high-precision manner. Mature technology in automation processing and handling, data management, and biological applications are then extended to farmers, farmers’ organizations and manufacturers. This integrated agricultural system of mechanization, automation and information, may be applied effectively and competitively in scale in the future. In the fiscal year of 2005, the farmers purchased 1,283 sets of machine, selected from 30 types (41 models) of newly developed machines, with government subsidies of 30-40% of the purchase price. Among these are multiple cultivation bottle cleaning machine, tea-leaf moisture removing machine, coconut-hull pulverizing machine, self-propelled orchard drill, rice kernel grading machine and pig-manure collecting device. There were 22 demonstration drills and 11 mantainence training courses held within the year, teaching farmers to operate the equipments properly. Loans of up to $1.6 billions were implemented to assist farmers in purchasing 896 sets of automated systems. Special measures such as issuing ‘Certification on Farm Machinery Use’, ‘Tax Exemption Coupon for Farms Fuels’ and ‘Farm Vehicle License Plate’ were all met the projected goals of the year.
I. Перекладіть наступні слова та словосполучення без словника: Production efficiency, product quality, reducing coast, labor demands, measures land preparation, horticultural crops, data management, manufacturer, fiscal year, purchase price, grading machine. II. Знайдіть в тексті наступні слова та словосполучення: Ефективність виробництва, якість продукції, підготовка землі, пересаджування, збирання сільськогосподарських культур, переробка та управління, виробник, оточуюче середовище, високоточний спосіб. III. Виберіть англійські еквіваленти до цих українських слів: Скорочування a) reduce b) reduced c) reducing Покращення a) improve b) improving c) improved
Пересадка a) transporting b) transplant c) transplanted
Управління а) handle b) handling c) handled IV. Утворіть іменники від дієслів та прикметників, використовуючи суфікси:
- tion - ment - ity to cultivate to measure special to produce to govern intensive to inspect to develop productive to inform to manage to collect to equip
Time for fun
ABOUT JACK LONDON
As you know, the great American writer Jack London was often in need of money at the beginning of his literary career. He worked very hard but it did not help him. Once he promised a New York magazine to write a story, but he was busy at that time and could not keep his word. The editor of the magazine wrote letters to Jack London several times asking him to send the story. At last he went to the hotel where Jack London stayed and sent him a note. “Dear Jack London, if I don’t get the story within twenty four hours, I’ll come up to your room and kick you downstairs, and I always keep my promise.” Jack London read the note and answered: “Dear Dick, if I could do my work with my feet I would keep my promise too.” Додаток 1 Таблиця основних нестандартних (неправильних) дієслів
Додаток 2 Хімічні елементи (умовні позначення та українські відповідники)
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