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TEXT B: LAND REFORM

TEXT B: LAND REFORM

A major effort was taken in 2001 to reform land relations – hence changes in these relations but economically efficient and friendly land use in Ukraine was not attained yet. Achievements in land reforming did not yet yield a radical revival of agricultural production.

49.9% of all lands remained owned by the state following the privatization of land resources. 26.5% million hectares of land were shared and transferred to almost 12 thousand agricultural enterprises into their collective ownership. About 7 million citizens got their titles to land shares. The average size of a land share is 4 hectares.

Land lease market is developing – peasants are leasing over 20.7 million hectares of land. By October 1, 2001 5.3 million citizens had leased their lands.

Economic mechanisms regulating land relations are being introduced. Money value of farm lands has been calculated; money value of non-farm lands has also been calculated. A framework for purchase and sale of land is being shaped. The most important thing is to provide instruments certifying ownership of land.

Nevertheless, a major achievement of land reform and, it may be said without exaggeration, - a significant political event of 2001 was the Land Code of Ukraine passed by the VerchovnaiRada on October 25 and signed by the President of Ukraine. The main merit of the new version of the Land Code of Ukraine is its having enacted farm land privatization practices into law, in particular, the provision for certificates of land share ownership.

The Land Code creates a foundation for further improvement and development of land relations not only in the agrarian sector, but also in the domain of non-farm lands.

The new Land Code introduces a number of constraints that may be unacceptable for countries with developed marked economies. But these are transitional provisions conditioned politically first of all. The expectation is that these constraints will be lifted soon.

I. Answer the following questions:

1. What effort was taken in 2001 in the area of agriculture?

2. What was the main goal of land privatization?

3. What was the major essence of the new Land Code of Ukraine?

4. Did the Land Code create a foundation for improvement of land relations in the agrarian sector or in the other spheres?

5. What did the new Land Code introduce?

II. Find as many synonyms as possible to the following words and make your own sentences with them:

1. to purchase - _____________________________________________

2. to create - _____________________________________________

3. to develop - ____________________________________________

4. to calculate - ___________________________________________

5. share - ________________________________________________

III. Match each word or expression on the left with the correct definition on the right:

III. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian:

1. There are always some financial constrains on a project like this. He signed the documents under constrains.

2. We calculated that he advantages would be greater than the disadvantages. It is difficult to calculate how long the project will take.

3. I want to transfer $ 1000 from my deposit to my current account in a bank.

4. There is only one room available so we will have to share. Shares in the company can be bought and sold.

5. Many employers have the opportunity to purchase shares in the company they work. The purchaser of the house agrees to pay a deposit of 10%.

6. You have achieved the success you desire. She felt that the book was her greatest achievement.

IV. Translate the text:

Земельна реформа: за і проти

Земельна реформа є складовою частиною економічної реформи, яка здійснюється в Україні в зв’язку з переходом економіки держави до ринкових відносини Завданням цієї реформи є перерозподіл земель з одночасною передачею їх у приватну та колективну власність, а також у користування підприємствам, установам та організаціям з метою створення умов для рівноправного розвитку різних форм господарювання на землі, формування багатоукладної економіки, раціонального використання та охорони земель.

Для того, щоб стати високорозвиненою крахно., Українп зобов’язана освоїти постіндустріальну стадію цивілізаційного розвитку. Для цього, насамперед, потрібно визначитися з місцем та роллю землі у економічному кругооберті ресурсів держави. Через те, що земля в Україні досі не має реальної ціни, не стала товаром і капіталом, економіка держави може повернутися у до індустріальну стадію розвитку цивілізації.

Невирішення земельного питання не дає змоги і права віднести Україну до країн, які перебувають на індустріальній стадії цивілізованого розвитку, в якій капітал землі є складовою національного багатства.

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