The science of sleep

Sleep is one of the body's most mysterious experiences. Scientists don't completely understand the process, but it seems that all living things need some sleep. And some need a lot more than others!

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There a rc five stages of sleep: stages 1, 2, 3, 4 a nd R EM

(rapid* eye movement). I n stages 1 lo 4 our body becomes more relaxed. Ou r m uscles a nd hea rt rate slow down a nd our brai n becomes less active. Stage 5 is ca lled R EM sleep. Our hea rt beats faster a nd ou r eyes move quickly i n different directions. People d ream d u ri ng th is stage and we ca n not move at a ll - proba bly to stop us from doi ng the actions i n ou r d rea ms.

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An average person spends al most a thi rd of thei r l ife

sleepi ng! Is i t a waste of ti me? Scientists bel ieve tha t when the heart a nd bra i n slow down, the body i s recoveri ng* after the day's work. They also th i nk that REM sleep is i m porta nt for memory a nd lea rn i n g - ba bies have twice as m uch REM sleep as adults.

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On average a n adult needs about 7-8 hours' sleep

every day. A baby needs 12-16. I n the a nimal world, bats sleep for about 20 hou rs every day. But a giraffe sleeps for only a n hour or two every night.

*rapid = very quic k

* rcco\'l'r = get hack your strength

Gradable and strong adjectives; adverbs ED Fill in the gaps wit h t hese adverbs. More than one adverb is possible.

really incredi bly absolutely extremely

really hot 6 ················-··-··-······ boiling

2 _ g_ P.l.vJ/y shatt ered 7....... di rty

3......................... bca u t iful 8..... ·-···················· tired

4 ----··----·····--·--·-·------ small 9 ···-----····-···-············ gorgeous

6 Pu t these in order of t he a moun t of sleep t hey need (least to most): babies, adu lts, bats, giraffes.

5 ····-····-······-·---··-----· fiIth y

10 ··---··-·-··················- tiny

•

20 What's the matter?)

Showing concern, giving and responding to advice Imm

"Choose t he best response for each sentence.

1 Cla re's had terri ble i nsomnia.

@ Oh, dear. What's t he matt er?

b) Yes, I see what you mea n.

"Complete t he conversations wit h the ph rases in the boxes.

.01:1, Elear. Wnet's ti 1e 111atter? Why don't you Yes, I see what you mean I've tried that

Have you tried Well, it's worth a try

RITA Mark seem s really fed u p at the mom en t.

c) Ican sec why you' re upset.

2 Look at Mi ke's report. It's terri ble!

DAVID

1 Oh.d.f!r,..Wha(Hb..r:n.attrl...

a) Oh, how awful!

b) Oh, dear. Wh at a shame.

c) Yes, 1 see what you mea n.

3 Mo's in hospital wit h a broken leg.

RITA I think he's u nder pressure at work.

DAVID tal k to

him about it?

a) Yes, I sec what you mean.

b) Oh, how awful!

c) Oh, clear. Wh a t's the matter?

4 \Ve started at t he company at

RITA

says I don 't under tand.

..............................., but h e

t he sa me t ime, but h e's been prom oted.

a) Oh, dear. What a shame.

b) I ca n see why you're u pset.

c) Oh, how awfu l.

5 Sally lost her job last week.

a) Oh, I'm sorry t o hear that.

SAM I've got too m uch work at t he moment.

ALEX

SAM Idon't know where to start.

ALEX..... asking your

boss for help?

6

b) I can see why you 're u pset.

c) Yes, Isec what you mean.

SAM

............................................, Iguess.

Match problems 1-S to the advice a)-c).

My child ren don't cat enough

You ought to I'm sorry to hea r that

I'd ta ke I can see why you're upset

that's a good idea

might try that

vege tablcs. ..).

2 She's a ngry t hat I forgot her birthday................

3 One of my best st udents doesn't

CHRIS Pat a nd Ibroke u p last week.

SIMON

CHRIS Sh e wants to get back toget her, but I'm not sure.

8

do his homework................

4 Ican't sleep! M y husband snores so m uch............

SIMON

.••.••••.....•••.. some t ime

off work and think about it.

9

s My sister doesn't go out m uch because she's got two child ren.

CHRIS Yes,

...

CHLOE It was really expensive and it's already broken down twice.

a) You should offer to babysi t.

b) Maybe you ought to sec the doctor abou t i t.

c) Have you t ried giving t hem a choice of different types?

d) I'd have a chat wit h him and find om what t h e problem is.

e) Why don't you send her some now ers?

PAUL

CHLOE It's new as well.

PAUL..................... write to the

Language Summary 3, Student 's Book p119

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