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Table of circuit components

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Component   Circuit Symbol Function of Component
Wires joined ['waIqz 'GOInd] провода соединены     Wires pass current from one part of a circuit to another.
Wires not joined   провода не соединены
Cell [sel] элемент питания, батарейка Cell supplies electrical energy.
Battery ['bxtqrI]   батарея   A battery is two or more cells joined together.
DC supply ['dJ sJ sq'plaI] источник постоянного тока   Supplies electrical energy. (DC = Direct Current) Current flowing in one direction.
AC supply ['eI sJ sq'plaI] источник переменного тока Supplies electrical energy. AC = Alternating Current. Current changing direction.
Fuse ['fjHz] плавкий предохранитель   A safety device (плавкий предохранитель)
Transformer [trxns'fLmq] трансформатор     Transformers are used to step up (increase) and step down (decrease) AC voltages.
Lamp (lighting) лампа накаливания A lamp for illumination.
Lamp (indicator) индикаторная лампа A lamp for indication.
Motor ['mqutq] мотор Motor converts electrical energy to motion.
Coil [kOIl] катушка A coil of wire creates a magnetic field when current passes through it.
Push Switch [swIC] выключатель нажимной   Current flows only when the button is pressed.
Push-to-Break Switch выключатель нажимной   Switch is normally closed (on). It is open (off) only when the button is pressed.
On-Off Switch   переключатель "включено-выключено" Current flows only when the switch is closed (on).
2-way Switch переключатель   2-way switch directs the flow of current to one of two routes.
Relay [rI'leI] реле An electrically operated switch. NO = Normally Open COM = Common NC = Normally Closed
Resistor [rI'zIstq] резистор, сопротивление   Resistors limit the flow of current.
Variable Resistor ['vFqrIqbl] переменный резистор Variable resistors with 2 contacts are used to control current.  
Capacitor [kq'pxsItq] конденсатор   Capacitors store electric charge.
Capacitor (polarized electrolytic) поляризованный электролитический конденсатор These capacitors have large capacity.
Variable capacitor ['vFqrIqbl] конденсатор переменной емкости A variable capacitor is used in a radio tuner.
Diode['daIqud]   диод   Diodes allow current to flow in one direction.
LED [led] Light Emitting Diode светодиод   Light Emitting Diode converts electrical energy to light.
Transistor NPN [trxn'zIstq]   транзистор     A transistor amplifies current.
Transistor PNP транзистор   A transistor amplifies current.
Phototransistor фототранзистор A light-sensitive transistor.
Microphone ['maIkrqfqun]   микрофон     Microphone converts sound to electrical energy.
Loudspeaker ['laud'spJkq] громкоговоритель     Loudspeaker converts electrical energy to sound.
Voltmeter ['vqult"mJtq]   вольтметр A voltmeter is used to measure voltage.
Ammeter ['xmItq] амперметр   An ammeter is used to measure current.
Ohmmeter ['omItq] омметр   An ohmmeter is used to measure resistance.

Text 2

 

 

Resistors

A resistor is one of the most common elements of any circuit. Resistance is the property of a resistor which limits the flow of electric current.

Re­sistors are used:

1. to reduce the value of current in the circuit;

2. to produce IR voltage drop and in this way to change the value of the voltage.

When current is passing through a resistor its temperature rises high. The higher the value of current the higher is the temperature of a resistor. Each resistor has a maximum temperature to which it may be heated without a trouble. If the temperature rises higher the resistor burns and opens the circuit.

Resistors are rated in watts. The watt is the rate at which electric en­ergy is supplied when a current of one ampere is passing at a potential difference of one volt.

Some resistors have a constant value - these are fixed resistors, the value of other resistors may be varied - these are variable resistors.


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