Упражнение 7. Выберите и выпишите из текста 2 опорные слова для подготовки сообщения на английском языке по теме “Types of Specific Intent Crimes” и подготовьте его

Текст 3

Переведите следующий текст, пользуясь словарем, и научитесь его бегло читать:

Defences

There are several defences that can be raised in a criminal case.

Insanity. One of the most newsworthy defences is that of insanity. Different states have adopted different rules as to how insanity is to be determined. Some states try to determine whether the perpetrator was able to distinguish right from wrong. Other states test the defendant to establish when the status of his or her mind prevented him or her from controlling his or her conduct and he or she was overtaken by an irresistible impulse to engage in unlawful activity. Some others consider the defendant to be not criminally responsible if his or her unlawful act was the product of mental disease or mental defect. These types of insanity defenses are generally the subject of a good deal of controversy and normally involve expert testimony from psychiatrists or other mental health professionals.

Intoxication. Another defense that can be raised is intoxication. If a crime requires specific intent, then a person who is intoxicated may be incapable of forming that specific intent.

Coercion. Coercion arises when there is duress. The bank teller who turns over the bank's money to the robber is acting under duress and therefore is not guilty of larceny in removing the money from the drawer. He or she is coerced in releasing the money.

Necessity. A woman is threatened with sexual assault, and who then breaks down a neighbor's front door to seek refuge is not guilty of burglary because her conduct is governed by the defense of necessity. She needed to find safety.

Entrapment. Entrapment is a much more difficult defense. The purpose of the entrapment defense is to prevent the government from manufacturing the crime. An undercover police officer who offers to purchase narcotics from someone who he or she believes to be a pusher is not guilty of entrapment. However, an undercover police officer who applies immense pressure to a suspect to sell him or her narcotics by establishing a friendship with him or her and then playing on that friendship to overcome that person's unwillingness to sell narcotics probably would be guilty of entrapment.

Vagueness. The U.S. Constitution precludes punishing a person under a statute that is too vague to be understood. A statute should be sufficiently clear that a reasonable person could determine what conduct is forbidden and the statute should be sufficiently clear as to prevent arbitrary enforcement by the police.

Self-Defense. The ultimate defense to a crime against a person is self-defense. As a general rule, a person may use whatever force is reasonably necessary to prevent immediate and unlawful harm to him- or herself. Some jurisdictions have adopted the retreat rule that requires a person who can safely retreat to do so before using deadly force.

Protection of Property. A related defense in property crimes is protection of property. As a general rule, a person can use whatever force, short of deadly force, that reasonably appears to be necessary to protect property.

Слова к тексту 3:

1. newsworthy [ˊnju:zˏwə:ðɪ] - заслуживающий упоминания

2. insanity [ɪnˊsænɪtɪ] - душевное расстройство, невменяемость

3. to distinguish [dɪsˊtɪŋgwɪʃ] - различать

4. to overtake - овладевать

5. irresistible [ˏɪrɪˊzɪstəbl] - непреодолимый

6. mental disease [dɪˊzi:z] - душевная болезнь

7. controversy [ˊkɔntrəvə:sɪ] - разногласие

8. duress [djuəˊres] - принуждение

9. a bank teller - кассир банка

10. to seek refuge [ˊrefju:ʤ] - искать убежища

11. entrapment [ɪnˊtræpmənt] - провокация преступления с целью его разоблачения

12. an undercover police officer - полицейский, работающий под прикрытием

13. to purchase [ˊpə:ʧəs] - покупать

14. to apply immense pressure [ˊpreʃə] - оказывать сильное давление

15. vagueness [ˊveɪgnɪs] - неопределенность, неясность

16. to preclude [prɪˊklu:d] - предотвращать, мешать

17. arbitrary [ˊa:bɪtrərɪ] - произвольный

18. a retreat [rɪˊtri:t] - отступление

19. deadly force - смертоносное насилие

20. short of - кроме

УПРАЖНЕНИЯ

Поиск по сайту: