Упражнение 1. Переведите на русский язык следующие слова и словосочетания. Proof of some type of physical act, proof of a certain mental state, to

Proof of some type of physical act, proof of a certain mental state, to

occur concurrently, to prove causation, with respect to the mens rea, specific intent crimes, general intent crimes, crimes committed with malice, strict liability crimes, precise harm, to act deliberately, to cause unjustifiable injury, liable for the crime, the defendant, voluntary intoxication, to relieve the defendant, to lower the charge, homicide charge.

Упражнение 2. Прочитайте внимательно следующее и убедитесь, что Вы поняли, чем отличается намерение от мотива. А теперь приведите примеры преступлений с различными намерениями и мотивами.

Intent and motive are commonly confused, but they are distinct principles and differentiated in the law. Motive is the cause or reason that prompts a person to act or fail to act. Intent refers only to the state of mind with which the act is done or omitted. Because intent is a state of mind, it can rarely be proved with direct evidence and ordinarily must be inferred from the facts of the case. Evidence of intent is always admissible to prove a specific-intent crime, but evidence of motive is only admissible if it tends to help prove or negate the element of intent.

Упражнение 3. Дайте объяснения следующих cлов и словосочетаний на английском языке.

To prove, a mental state, a specific intent, a general intent, a strict liability crime, to cause unjustifiable injury, voluntary intoxication.

Упражнение 4. Вставьте нужные по смыслу слова и переведите предложения.

1. According to... law, the State (i.e. government)...... that a person actually committed... accused of and acted with a certain.......

2....... means that an individual did a certain act with a...... or purpose.

3. In... intent crimes the State only needs to... that the... was committed and it was not an....

4. Nowadays, the term "..." is not used in most... anymore, and crimes committed with... have mostly been written into... as specific... crimes or have been omitted.

5. This is a... because, since he is..., he is unable to form the... mental state for...... crimes.

Упражнение 5. Прокомментируйте следующие предложения из текста 1.

1. According to common law, in order for something to be classified as a "crime," a certain number of elements must be met.

2. The State may also have to prove causation and a harmful result.

3. This type of mental state cannot be just inferred from merely doing the act.

4. Finally, strict liability crimes require no mental state to prove a person liable for the crime.

5. Although such defenses may be available for specific intent crimes, this does not mean that they will automatically relieve the defendant of all guilt.

Упражнение 6. Подготовьте вопросы по тексту 1, используя следующие подсказки, затем предложите одногруппникам ответить на них.

Who...? Why...? In what way...?

What is meant by...? How many...? What exactly...?

What are some of the problems...?

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