Упражнение 2. Переведите следующие предложения. Найдите причастный оборот, определите его тип («зависимый» или «независимый»)

1. An arrest warrant is an order issued by a judge or magistrate authorizing the arrest of a particular person for a particular crime.

2. There are several kinds of punishment available to the courts, the most common punishment being a fine in civil cases.

3. Within the federal system, the law enforcement agency initiating the prosecution is a federal law enforcement agency such as the F.B.I., Secret Service, or other federal agency.

4. The number of crimes increasing, some prison cells have to accommodate far more people than they were built to hold.

5. Over the last several years, Congress has enacted federal criminal statutes dealing with such things as carjacking and nonpayment of child support.

6. The debate about capital punishment continuing, the phenomenon of death row (категория заключенных, ожидающих исполнения смертного приговора) increases.

7. Juries at the court do not render written decisions explaining their analysis of the case, but rather simply render a verdict.

8. The legal English language is characterized by words and expressions which have no meaning for non-lawyers, some of them coming from Latin and French.

9. There being no chance to escape, the thief was arrested on the spot.

10. A jury chosen, the court will allow both parties to have opening statements.

Упражнение 3. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык дважды: самостоятельно и с помощью любой компьютерной системы перевода (например, Prompt или Translate). Сравните полученные переводы.

1. If there is no jury deciding the case, then the judge may enter a verdict or a judgment order fixing the amount of damages or granting one party the form of relief that is sought.

2. The entire world population suffers from ecological crime, the perpetrators being mostly enterprises that act in collusion with environmental regulators.

3. The advocate representing the accused at the trial, the latter did not make any statement.

4. A person can use whatever force, short or deadly force, which reasonably appears to be necessary to protect property. A classic case in that regard involved the homeowner who laid a trap in his home consisting of a spring gun that fired when the burglar entered the front door. Since a spring gun automatically fires, anyone entering the house is at risk. And since human life is valued over property, the homeowner cannot claim defense of property when someone was killed entering the house.

5. The district court being the primary link of the judiciary, most of the criminal and civil cases are tried by these courts.

6. The police together with social organizations constantly seek the best forms and methods of crime prevention, explanation of the law to the citizens playing an important part.

7. In England, anyone facing criminal prosecution is entitled to choose a firm of lawyers to represent him.

8. The UN has declared itself in favor of capital punishment abolition, Amnesty International actively campaigning for abolition, and the issue being now the focus of great debate.

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