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ÀâòîÀâòîìàòèçàöèÿÀðõèòåêòóðàÀñòðîíîìèÿÀóäèòÁèîëîãèÿÁóõãàëòåðèÿÂîåííîå äåëîÃåíåòèêàÃåîãðàôèÿÃåîëîãèÿÃîñóäàðñòâîÄîìÄðóãîåÆóðíàëèñòèêà è ÑÌÈÈçîáðåòàòåëüñòâîÈíîñòðàííûå ÿçûêèÈíôîðìàòèêàÈñêóññòâîÈñòîðèÿÊîìïüþòåðûÊóëèíàðèÿÊóëüòóðàËåêñèêîëîãèÿËèòåðàòóðàËîãèêàÌàðêåòèíãÌàòåìàòèêàÌàøèíîñòðîåíèåÌåäèöèíàÌåíåäæìåíòÌåòàëëû è ÑâàðêàÌåõàíèêàÌóçûêàÍàñåëåíèåÎáðàçîâàíèåÎõðàíà áåçîïàñíîñòè æèçíèÎõðàíà ÒðóäàÏåäàãîãèêàÏîëèòèêàÏðàâîÏðèáîðîñòðîåíèåÏðîãðàììèðîâàíèåÏðîèçâîäñòâîÏðîìûøëåííîñòüÏñèõîëîãèÿÐàäèîÐåãèëèÿÑâÿçüÑîöèîëîãèÿÑïîðòÑòàíäàðòèçàöèÿÑòðîèòåëüñòâîÒåõíîëîãèèÒîðãîâëÿÒóðèçìÔèçèêàÔèçèîëîãèÿÔèëîñîôèÿÔèíàíñûÕèìèÿÕîçÿéñòâîÖåííîîáðàçîâàíèå×åð÷åíèåÝêîëîãèÿÝêîíîìåòðèêàÝêîíîìèêàÝëåêòðîíèêàÞðèñïóíäåíêöèÿ |
ÇÀÊËÞ×ÅÍÈÅ. Ïåðìàíåíòíûå èçìåíåíèÿ ÿâëÿþòñÿ çíàìåíèåì âðåìåíè, îäíàêî ïåðåìåíû ðàäè ïåðåìåí âåäóò íå ê óñïåõó, à ê ïðîâàëó
Ïåðìàíåíòíûå èçìåíåíèÿ ÿâëÿþòñÿ çíàìåíèåì âðåìåíè, îäíàêî ïåðåìåíû ðàäè ïåðåìåí âåäóò íå ê óñïåõó, à ê ïðîâàëó. Ìåæäóíàðîäíûé ìåíåäæåð äîëæåí áûòü õîðîøèì îðãàíèçàòîðîì ïðîöåññà ïåðåìåí â ÌÍÊ. Äëÿ ýòîãî íåîáõîäèìî óìåòü èäåíòèôèöèðîâàòü âîçíèêàþùèå ïðîáëåìû, ýôôåêòèâíî èñïîëüçîâàòü ïîäõîäÿùèå îðãàíèçàöèîííûå ìåòîäû ñ ó÷åòîì îñîáåííîñòåé íàöèîíàëüíûõ óïðàâëåí÷åñêèõ êóëüòóð è çàðóáåæíîãî îïûòà. Îñîáîå âíèìàíèå ñëåäóåò óäåëèòü ñïîñîáàì îðãàíèçàöèè ïåðåìåí è ñîçäàíèþ îðãàíèçàöèîííîé êóëüòóðû, ïîääåðæèâàþùåé ïîñòîÿííîå ñòðåìëåíèå ê ñîâåðøåíñòâîâàíèþ. Óñïåõ ïåðåñòðîéêè îáóñëîâëèâàåòñÿ òî÷íîñòüþ ó÷åòà çàïðîñîâ ðûíêà, ÷åòêîñòüþ ïîñòàâëåííûõ öåëåé è îïðåäåëåíèåì àäåêâàòíûõ ïóòåé èõ äîñòèæåíèÿ, âîâëå÷åííîñòüþ ïåðñîíàëà â ïðîöåññ ïåðåñòðîéêè è æåñòêèì êîíòðîëåì èçäåðæåê. ÊÎÍÒÐÎËÜÍÛÅ ÂÎÏÐÎÑÛ 1. ×òî ìîæåò ÿâèòüñÿ ïðè÷èíîé ïåðåñòðîéêè ÌÍÊ? 2. ×åì ðàçëè÷àþòñÿ ïîíÿòèÿ «ðîñò» è «ðàçâèòèå» ôèðìû? 3. Êàêîâû ñîñòàâëÿþùèå «êðèçèñíîãî ñèíäðîìà»? 4.  ÷åì ïðè÷èíà ñîçäàíèÿ «çàùèòíîãî ìåõàíèçìà» è êàêîå âëèÿíèå îí îêàçûâàåò íà ïðîöåññ ïåðåñòðîéêè? 5. Êàêèå ýòàïû âûäåëÿþòñÿ â ïðîöåññå ïåðåñòðîéêè? 6. Êàêèì îáðàçîì âûäåëÿþòñÿ îñíîâíûå òèïû ïåðåñòðîéêè? 7. Êàê ìîæíî îöåíèòü âûãîäû ïåðåñòðîéêè è åå óñïåøíîñòü? 8. Íà îñíîâàíèè êàêèõ ïðèíöèïîâ îñóùåñòâëÿåòñÿ óïðàâëåíèå ïðîöåññîì èçìåíåíèé? 9. Êàêèìè îðãàíèçàöèîííûìè ìåðàìè ïîäêðåïëÿåòñÿ ïðîöåññ ïåðåñòðîéêè? 10. Êàêîâà ðîëü ëèäåðîâ è íîâàòîðîâ â ïðîöåññå ïåðåñòðîéêè? 11. Êàêèìè ÷åðòàìè äîëæíà îáëàäàòü îðãàíèçàöèîííàÿ êóëüòóðà, ñïîñîáñòâóþùàÿ ïðîâåäåíèþ ïåðåñòðîéêè? 12.  ÷åì ðàçëè÷èå ìèêðî-è ìàêðîïåðåñòðîéêè? 13. Ïî÷åìó ñòðàòåãèè ïåðåäà÷è òåõíîëîãèé è ðàçäåëåíèÿ äåÿòåëüíîñòè ñ÷èòàþòñÿ íàèáîëåå ïåðñïåêòèâíûìè? 14. Êàêîâî ñîîòíîøåíèå ìåæäó öåëÿìè, ñòðàòåãèåé è ñòðóêòóðîé êîìïàíèè? 15. Íà êàêèõ ïðèíöèïàõ îñíîâûâàåòñÿ äåöåíòðàëèçîâàííîå ïëàíèðîâàíèå? 16. Êàêèå ñóùåñòâóþò ïðåäåëû äëÿ äåöåíòðàëèçàöèè?
ÑÎÄÅðæàíèå: ÏÐÅÄÈÑËÎÂÈÅ.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 4 ×àñòü 1 Ââåäåíèå â ìåæäóíàðîäíûé ìåíåäæìåíò.................................................................................................................................. 6 ÂÂÅÄÅÍÈÅ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
1.1. ÌÅÆÄÓÍÀÐÎÄÍÛÉ ÁÈÇÍÅÑ: ÑÓÙÍÎÑÒÜ, ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈÅ, ÕÀÐÀÊÒÅÐÍÛÅ ×ÅÐÒÛ............................................................... 7 ÏÅÐÈÎÄÈÇÀÖÈß ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈß ÌÅÆÄÓÍÀÐÎÄÍÎÃÎ ÁÈÇÍÅÑÀ........................................................................................................... 8 1.2. ÌÅÆÄÓÍÀÐÎÄÍÛÉ ÌÅÍÅÄÆÌÅÍÒ-ÑÓÙÍÎÑÒÜ, ÑÒÐÓÊÒÓÐÀ, ÎÑÎÁÅÍÍÎÑÒÈ ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈß.................................... 20 ÇÀÊËÞ×ÅÍÈÅ.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 20 Ãëàâà 2....................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 20 ÂÂÅÄÅÍÈÅ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 20 2.1. ÂÎÇÌÎÆÍÎÑÒÈ ÂÛÕÎÄÀ ÐÎÑÑÈÉÑÊÎÉ ÔÈÐÌÛ ÍÀ ÂÍÅØÍÈÉ ÐÛÍÎÊ È ÐÎËÅÂÛÅ ÔÓÍÊÖÈÈ ÌÅÆÄÓÍÀÐÎÄÍÎÃÎ ÌÅÍÅÄÆÅÐÀ.......................................................................................................................................................... 20 2.2. ÝÊÎÍÎÌÈ×ÅÑÊÈÉ, ÏÐÀÂÎÂÎÉ È ÏÎËÈÒÈ×ÅÑÊÈÉ ÀÍÀËÈÇ Â ÊÎÍÒÅÊÑÒÅ ÇÀÄÀ× ÌÅÆÄÓÍÀÐÎÄÍÎÃÎ ÌÅÍÅÄÆÌÅÍÒÀ. ÑÒÐÀÍÎÂÛÉ ÌÀÐÊÅÒÈÍÃÎÂÛÉ ÀÍÀËÈÇ.......................................................................................................... 20 2.3. ÊÎÌÏËÅÊÑÍÛÉ ÀÍÀËÈÇ ÊÓËÜÒÓÐÍÎÉ ÂÍÅØÍÅÉ ÑÐÅÄÛ È Ó×ÅÒ ÍÀÖÈÎÍÀËÜÍÛÕ ÑÒÅÐÅÎÒÈÏΠÏÎÂÅÄÅÍÈß Â ÌÅÆÄÓÍÀÐÎÄÍÎÌ ÌÅÍÅÄÆÌÅÍÒÅ.................................................................................................................................................. 20 ÇÀÊËÞ×ÅÍÈÅ.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 20 ×àñòü 2....................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 20 â ìåæäóíàðîäíûõ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 20 ôèðìàõ.................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 20 Ãëàâà 3....................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 20 ÈÍÒÅÃÐÈÐÎÂÀÍÍÛÅ ÊÎÐÏÎÐÀÒÈÂÍÛÅ ÑÒÐÓÊÒÓÐÛ Â ÌÅÆÄÓÍÀÐÎÄÍÎÌ ÁÈÇÍÅÑÅ................................................... 20 3.1. ÎÑÍÎÂÍÛÅ ÔÎÐÌÛ ÊÎÐÏÎÐÀÒÈÂÍÎÉ ÈÍÒÅÃÐÀÖÈÈ Â ÌÅÆÄÓÍÀÐÎÄÍÎÌ ÁÈÇÍÅÑÅ........................................... 20 3.1.1. ÌÅÆÄÓÍÀÐÎÄÍÛÉ ÑÒÐÀÒÅÃÈ×ÅÑÊÈÉ ÀËÜßÍÑ.................................................................................................................. 20 3.1.2. ÌÍÎÃÎÍÀÖÈÎÍÀËÜÍÀß ÊÎÌÏÀÍÈß......................................................................................................................................... 20 3.2. ÖÅËÈ ÌÅÆÄÓÍÀÐÎÄÍÎÉ ÈÍÒÅÃÐÀÖÈÈ....................................................................................................................................... 20 3.2.1. ÄÎÑÒÓÏ Ê ÍÎÂÛÌ ÐÛÍÊÀÌ.......................................................................................................................................................... 20 3.2.2. ÄÎÑÒÓÏ Ê ÍÎÂÛÌ ÈÑÒÎ×ÍÈÊÀÌ ÐÅÑÓÐÑÎÂ........................................................................................................................ 20 3.2.3. ÄÎÑÒÈÆÅÍÈÅ ÊÎÍÊÓÐÅÍÒÍÛÕ ÏÐÅÈÌÓÙÅÑÒÂ................................................................................................................ 20 3.2.4. ÏÎÂÛØÅÍÈÅ ÝÔÔÅÊÒÈÂÍÎÑÒÈ................................................................................................................................................. 20 3.2.5. ÑÍÈÆÅÍÈÅ ÐÈÑÊÎÂ......................................................................................................................................................................... 20 3.3. ÔÎÐÌÛ ÌÍÎÃÎÍÀÖÈÎÍÀËÜÍÛÕ ÊÎÌÏÀÍÈÉ.......................................................................................................................... 20 3.3.1. ÔÈÍÀÍÑÎÂÎ-ÏÐÎÌÛØËÅÍÍÛÅ ÃÐÓÏÏÛ ÑØÀ................................................................................................................... 20 3.3.2. ÔÈÍÀÍÑÎÂÎ-ÏÐÎÌÛØËÅÍÍÛÅ ÃÐÓÏÏÛ ÃÅÐÌÀÍÈÈ....................................................................................................... 20 3.3.3. ÔÈÍÀÍÑÎÂÎ-ÏÐÎÌÛØËÅÍÍÛÅ ÃÐÓÏÏÛ ßÏÎÍÈÈ............................................................................................................ 20 3.3.4. ÔÈÍÀÍÑÎÂÎ-ÏÐÎÌÛØËÅÍÍÛÅ ÃÐÓÏÏÛ ÞÆÍÎÉ ÊÎÐÅÈ............................................................................................. 20 3.3.5. ÔÈÍÀÍÑÎÂÎ-ÏÐÎÌÛØËÅÍÍÛÅ ÃÐÓÏÏÛ ÐÎÑÑÈÈ............................................................................................................ 20 3.4. ÕÎËÄÈÍÃÎÂÀß ÔÎÐÌÀ ÎÐÃÀÍÈÇÀÖÈÈ ÌÍÊ.............................................................................................................................. 20 3.4.1. ÄÎ×ÅÐÍÈÅ È ÇÀÂÈÑÈÌÛÅ ÊÎÌÏÀÍÈÈ..................................................................................................................................... 20 3.4.2. ÔÈÍÀÍÑÎÂÛÅ È ÑÌÅØÀÍÍÛÅ ÕÎËÄÈÍÃÈ............................................................................................................................ 20 3.4.3. ÌÅÕÀÍÈÇÌ ÑÎÇÄÀÍÈß ÃÐÓÏÏÛ ÊÎÌÏÀÍÈÉ......................................................................................................................... 20 3.4.4. ÀÍÒÈÌÎÍÎÏÎËÜÍÎÅ ÇÀÊÎÍÎÄÀÒÅËÜÑÒÂÎ........................................................................................................................... 20 3.4.5. ÝÊÎÍÎÌÈ×ÅÑÊÀß ÐÎËÜ ÕÎËÄÈÍÃÎÂÛÕ ÊÎÌÏÀÍÈÉ....................................................................................................... 20 3.4.6. ÍÅÈÅÐÀÐÕÈ×ÅÑÊÈÅ ÈÍÒÅÃÐÈÐÎÂÀÍÍÛÅ ÑÒÐÓÊÒÓÐÛ.................................................................................................... 20 3.4.7. ÈÑÒÎÐÈ×ÅÑÊÀß ÑÏÐÀÂÊÀ: ÔÎÐÌÈÐÎÂÀÍÈÅ Â ßÏÎÍÈÈ ÔÏÃ Ñ ÍÅÈÅÐÀÐÕÈ×ÅÑÊÎÉ ÑÒÐÓÊÒÓÐÎÉ.......... 20 3.4.8. ÌÅÕÀÍÈÇÌ ÂÇÀÈÌÍÎÃÎ Ó×ÀÑÒÈß Â ÓÑËÎÂÈßÕ ÍÅÑÒÀÁÈËÜÍÎÉ ÝÊÎÍÎÌÈÊÈ.................................................. 20 3.5. ÈÍÒÅÃÐÈÐÎÂÀÍÍÛÅ ÁÀÍÊÎÂÑÊÈÅ ÑÒÐÓÊÒÓÐÛ..................................................................................................................... 20 3.5.1. ÝËÅÌÅÍÒÛ ÌÅÆÄÓÍÀÐÎÄÍÎÉ ÁÀÍÊÎÂÑÊÎÉ ÃÐÓÏÏÛ................................................................................................... 20 3.5.2. ÏÐÅÄÑÒÀÂÈÒÅËÜÑÒÂÀ...................................................................................................................................................................... 20 3.5.3. ÁÀÍÊÎÂÑÊÈÅ ÔÈËÈÀËÛ................................................................................................................................................................. 20 3.5.4. ÄÎ×ÅÐÍÈÅ ÁÀÍÊÈ.............................................................................................................................................................................. 20 3.5.5. ÀÑÑÎÖÈÈÐÎÂÀÍÍÛÅ ÁÀÍÊÈ......................................................................................................................................................... 20 3.5.6. ÎÑÎÁÅÍÍÎÑÒÈ ÄÅßÒÅËÜÍÎÑÒÈ ÌÅÆÄÓÍÀÐÎÄÍÛÕ ÁÀÍÊΠ ÑØÀ......................................................................... 20 3.5.7. ÁÀÍÊÎÂÑÊÈÅ ÕÎËÄÈÍÃÎÂÛÅ ÊÎÌÏÀÍÈÈ............................................................................................................................. 20 3.6. ÔÎÐÌÛ ÌÅÆÄÓÍÀÐÎÄÍÛÕ ÑÒÐÀÒÅÃÈ×ÅÑÊÈÕ ÀËÜßÍÑÎÂ............................................................................................... 20 3.6.1. ÔÓÍÊÖÈÎÍÀËÜÍÛÅ È ÍÅÔÎÐÌÀËÜÍÛÅ ÑÎÃËÀØÅÍÈß.................................................................................................. 20 3.6.2. ÀËÜßÍÑÛ Ñ ÄÎËÅÂÛÌ Ó×ÀÑÒÈÅÌ............................................................................................................................................ 20 3.6.3. ÑÎÂÌÅÑÒÍÛÅ ÏÐÅÄÏÐÈßÒÈß...................................................................................................................................................... 20 3.6.4. ÏÅÐÅÕÎÄÍÛÅ ÔÎÐÌÛ ÀËÜßÍÑÎÂ.............................................................................................................................................. 20 3.6.5. ÌÅÆÄÓÍÀÐÎÄÍÛÅ ÀËÜßÍÑÎÂÛÅ ÑÅÒÈ.................................................................................................................................. 20 3.7. ÌÅÕÀÍÈÇÌ ÎÐÃÀÍÈÇÀÖÈÈ ÌÑÀ...................................................................................................................................................... 20 3.7.1. Ïðîöåññ ïîäãîòîâêè ðåøåíèÿ ïî ñîçäàíèþ àëüÿíñà................................................................................................................... 20 3.7.2. ÔÀÊÒÎÐÛ ÓÑÏÅÕÀ ÑÎÇÄÀÂÀÅÌÎÃÎ ÀËÜßÍÑÀ...................................................................................................................... 20 3.7.3. ÂÎÇÄÅÉÑÒÂÈÅ ÑËÎÆÍÎÑÒÈ Â ÏÎÑÒÀÍÎÂÊÅ ÇÀÄÀ× ÍÀ ÎÐÃÀÍÈÇÀÖÈÞ ÀËÜßÍÑÀ............................................... 20 Ãëàâà 4....................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 20 ÎÐÃÀÍÈÇÀÖÈÎÍÍÎ-ÏÐÀÂÎÂÛÅ ÔÎÐÌÛ ÌÅÆÄÓÍÀÐÎÄÍÎÃÎ ÁÈÇÍÅÑÀ............................................................................... 20 ÂÂÅÄÅÍÈÅ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 20 4.1. ÑÈÑÒÅÌÛ ÎÐÃÀÍÈÇÀÖÈÎÍÍÎ-ÏÐÀÂÎÂÛÕ ÔÎÐÌ.................................................................................................................... 20 4.2. ÒÎÂÀÐÈÙÅÑÒÂÀ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 20 4.3. ÕÎÇßÉÑÒÂÅÍÍÛÅ ÎÁÙÅÑÒÂÀ ÎÁÙÅÑÒÂÎ Ñ ÎÃÐÀÍÈ×ÅÍÍÎÉ ÎÒÂÅÒÑÒÂÅÍÍÎÑÒÜÞ............................................ 20 4.4. ÄÐÓÃÈÅ ÔÎÐÌÛ ÁÈÇÍÅÑÀ.................................................................................................................................................................. 20 ÇÀÊËÞ×ÅÍÈÅ.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 20 Ãëàâà 5....................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 20 ÑÒÐÀÒÅÃÈ×ÅÑÊÎÅ ÏËÀÍÈÐÎÂÀÍÈÅ Â ÌÅÆÄÓÍÀÐÎÄÍÎÉ ÔÈÐÌÅ........................................................................................... 20 ÂÂÅÄÅÍÈÅ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 20 5.1. ÑÒÐÀÒÅÃÈ×ÅÑÊÈÅ ÐÅØÅÍÈß ÏÎ ÌÅÆÄÓÍÀÐÎÄÍÎÉ ÄÅßÒÅËÜÍÎÑÒÈ......................................................................... 20 5.2. ÏÐÎÖÅÄÓÐÛ ÑÒÐÀÒÅÃÈ×ÅÑÊÎÃÎ ÏËÀÍÈÐÎÂÀÍÈß Â ÌÅÆÄÓÍÀÐÎÄÍÎÉ ÔÈÐÌÅ................................................... 20 5.3. ÎÐÃÀÍÈÇÀÖÈß ÑÒÐÀÒÅÃÈ×ÅÑÊÎÃÎ ÏËÀÍÈÐÎÂÀÍÈß Â ÌÅÆÄÓÍÀÐÎÄÍÎÉ ÔÈÐÌÅ............................................... 20 5.4. ÏÐÅÄÏÎÑÛËÊÈ ÔÎÐÌÈÐÎÂÀÍÈß ÑÒÐÀÒÅÃÈÈ ÌÍÊ.............................................................................................................. 20 5.5. ÔÎÐÌÈÐÎÂÀÍÈÅ ÌÀÐÊÅÒÈÍÃÎÂÎÉ ÑÒÐÀÒÅÃÈÈ..................................................................................................................... 20 5.6. ÏÐÀÊÒÈÊÀ ÐÀÇÐÀÁÎÒÊÈ È ÐÅÀËÈÇÀÖÈÈ ÑÒÐÀÒÅÃÈ×ÅÑÊÈÕ ÏËÀÍΠÌÍÊ................................................................ 20 5.7. ÃÈÁÐÈÄÍÀß ÑÒÐÀÒÅÃÈß Ó×ÀÑÒÍÈÊΠÌÅÆÄÓÍÀÐÎÄÍÛÕ ÀËÜßÍÑÎÂ....................................................................... 20 ÇÀÊËÞ×ÅÍÈÅ.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 20 ×àñòü 3....................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 20 ÂÂÅÄÅÍÈÅ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 20 6.1. ÂÀËÞÒÍÎ-ÔÈÍÀÍÑÎÂÀß ÑÐÅÄÀ ÌÅÆÄÓÍÀÐÎÄÍÎÃÎ ÌÅÍÅÄÆÌÅÍÒÀ......................................................................... 20 6.2. ÔÈÍÀÍÑÎÂÛÉ ÌÅÍÅÄÆÌÅÍÒ.......................................................................................................................................................... 20 6.3. ÂÀËÞÒÍÛÉ ÐÈÑÊ È ÑÒÐÀÒÅÃÈÈ ÅÃÎ............................................................................................................................................ 20 ÇÀÊËÞ×ÅÍÈÅ.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 20 Ãëàâà 7....................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 20 ÔÈÍÀÍÑÈÐÎÂÀÍÈÅ ÂÍÅØÍÅÉ ÒÎÐÃÎÂËÈ........................................................................................................................................... 20 ÂÂÅÄÅÍÈÅ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 20 7.1. ÔÈÍÀÍÑÈÐÎÂÀÍÈÅ ÝÊÑÏÎÐÒÀ ÇÀÄÀ×È È ÔÎÐÌÛ ÔÈÍÀÍÑÈÐÎÂÀÍÈß ÝÊÑÏÎÐÒÀ............................................... 20 7.2. ÍÅÒÐÀÄÈÖÈÎÍÍÛÅ ÌÅÒÎÄÛ ÔÈÍÀÍÑÈÐÎÂÀÍÈß ÂÑÒÐÅ×ÍÛÅ ÑÄÅËÊÈ..................................................................... 20 7.3. ÔÀÊÒÎÐÈÍÃ È ÔÎÐÔÅÉÒÈÍà ÔÀÊÒÎÐÈÍÃÎÂÛÅ ÎÏÅÐÀÖÈÈ.............................................................................................. 20 7.4. ÃÎÑÓÄÀÐÑÒÂÅÍÍÎÅ ÑÒÐÀÕÎÂÀÍÈÅ ÝÊÑÏÎÐÒÀ....................................................................................................................... 20 7.5. ÑÏÎÑÎÁÛ ÔÈÍÀÍÑÈÐÎÂÀÍÈß ÈÌÏÎÐÒÀ................................................................................................................................... 20 ÇÀÊËÞ×ÅÍÈÅ.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 20 Ãëàâà 8....................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 20 ÒÅÕÍÎËÎÃÈÈ ÌÅÆÄÓÍÀÐÎÄÍÛÕ ÈÍÂÅÑÒÈÖÈÉ.............................................................................................................................. 20 ÂÂÅÄÅÍÈÅ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 20 8.1. ÌÅÑÒÎ È ÐÎËÜ ÖÅÍÍÛÕ ÁÓÌÀà  ÌÅÆÄÓÍÀÐÎÄÍÎÌ ÈÍÂÅÑÒÈÖÈÎÍÍÎÌ ÏÐÎÖÅÑÑÅ....................................... 20 8.2. ÌÅÆÄÓÍÀÐÎÄÍÛÉ ÐÛÍÎÊ ÈÍÂÅÑÒÈÖÈÈ.................................................................................................................................. 20 8.3. ÌÅÆÄÓÍÀÐÎÄÍÛÅ ÈÍÂÅÑÒÈÖÈÎÍÍÛÅ ÊÎÌÏÀÍÈÈ............................................................................................................. 20 ÇÀÊËÞ×ÅÍÈÅ.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 20 ×ÀÑÒÜ 4....................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 20 Ãëàâà 9....................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 20 ÒÅÕÍÎËÎÃÈ×ÅÑÊÀß ÏÎËÈÒÈÊÀ ÌÍÊ..................................................................................................................................................... 20 ÂÂÅÄÅÍÈÅ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 20 9.1. ÖÅËÈ È ÍÀÏÐÀÂËÅÍÈß ÒÅÕÍÎËÎÃÈ×ÅÑÊÎÉ ÏÎËÈÒÈÊÈ ÌÍÊ......................................................................................... 20 9.2. ÌÅÆÄÓÍÀÐÎÄÍÛÉ ÐÛÍÎÊ ÒÅÕÍÎËÎÃÈÉ ÎÐÃÀÍÈÇÀÖÈß ÈÑÑËÅÄÎÂÀÍÈÉ È ÐÀÇÐÀÁÎÒÎÊ................................ 20 9.3. ÏËÀÍÈÐÎÂÀÍÈÅ ÌÅÆÄÓÍÀÐÎÄÍÛÕ ÍÈÎÊÐ............................................................................................................................. 20 9.4. ÎÐÃÀÍÈÇÀÖÈß ÌÅÆÄÓÍÀÐÎÄÍÛÕ ÍÈÎÊÐ ÑÒÐÓÊÒÓÐÛ ÓÏÐÀÂËÅÍÈß ÍÈÎÊÐ......................................................... 20 ÇÀÊËÞ×ÅÍÈÅ.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 20 Ãëàâà 10..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 20 ÓÏÐÀÂËÅÍÈÅ ×ÅËÎÂÅ×ÅÑÊÈÌÈ - ÐÅÑÓÐÑÀÌÈ È ÝÒÈÊÀ  ÌÅÆÄÓÍÀÐÎÄÍÎÌ ÁÈÇÍÅÑ.............................................. 20 ÂÂÅÄÅÍÈÅ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 20 10.1. ÊÎÐÏÎÐÀÒÈÂÍÀß ÊÓËÜÒÓÐÀ......................................................................................................................................................... 20 10.2. ÂÎÏÐÎÑÛ ÓÏÐÀÂËÅÍÈß ×ÅËÎÂÅ×ÅÑÊÈÌÈ ÐÅÑÓÐÑÀÌÈ ÌÅÆÄÓÍÀÐÎÄÍÎÉ ÔÈÐÌÛ...................................... 20 10.3. ÝÒÈÊÀ  ÌÅÆÄÓÍÀÐÎÄÍÎÌ ÁÈÇÍÅÑÅ....................................................................................................................................... 20 ÇÀÊËÞ×ÅÍÈÅ.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 20 Ãëàâà 11..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 20 ÎÐÃÀÍÈÇÀÖÈÎÍÍÎÅ ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈÅ ÌÍÊ...................................................................................................................................................... 20 ÂÂÅÄÅÍÈÅ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 20 11.1. ÏÐÈ×ÈÍÛ ÏÅÐÅÑÒÐÎÉÊÈ ÌÍÊ..................................................................................................................................................... 20 11.2. ÑÎÄÅÐÆÀÍÈÅ ÏÅÐÅÑÒÐÎÉÊÈ ÌÍÊ............................................................................................................................................. 20 ÇÀÊËÞ×ÅÍÈÅ.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 20 ÑÎÄÅðæàíèå:........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 20
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Âñå ìàòåðèàëû ïðåäñòàâëåííûå íà ñàéòå èñêëþ÷èòåëüíî ñ öåëüþ îçíàêîìëåíèÿ ÷èòàòåëÿìè è íå ïðåñëåäóþò êîììåð÷åñêèõ öåëåé èëè íàðóøåíèå àâòîðñêèõ ïðàâ. Ñòóäàëë.Îðã (0.011 ñåê.) |