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Classical definition of probability

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Probability is defined as the chance that an event will happen or the likelihood that an event will happen.

The definition of probability is

.

The favorable events are the events of interest. They are the events that the question is addressing. The total events are all possible events that can occur relevant to the question asked. In this definition, favorable has nothing to do with something being defective or non-defective.

What is the probability of a head occurring in one toss of a coin?

The number of favorable events is 1 (one head) and the number of total events is 2 (head or tail). In this case, the probability formula verifies what is obvious.

Probability numbers always range from 0 to 1 in decimals or from 0 to 100 in percentages.

Notation for Probability Questions

Instead of writing out the whole question, the following notation is used.

  • What is the probability of event A occurring? = Probability (A) = P(A)
  • What is the probability of events A and B occurring? = P(A and B) = P(A) and P(B)
  • What is the probability of events Aor B occurring? = P(A or B) = P(A) or P(B)

Probability in Terms of Areas

Probability may also be defined in terms of areas rather than the number of events.

.


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