I. a) Read the following text about public speaking

А. А. ВЕНЕДИКТОВ, главный редактор радиостанции "Эхо Москвы";

С. В. ВОЛКОВ, учитель литературы ГБОУ ЦО N57 г. Москвы, почетный работник общего образования РФ, главный редактор журнала "Литература";

М. С. ГЕЛЬФАНД, доктор биологических наук, кандидат физико-математических наук, зам. директора Института проблем передачи информации им. А. А. Харкевича РАН по науке, заместитель главного редактора газеты "Троицкий вариант";

М. Г. ИВАНОВ, директор лицея "Физико-техническая школа" Санкт-Петербургского академического университета, заслуженный учитель РФ;

А. М. КАРАЧИНСКИЙ, президент IBS Group;

INSIGHT INTO PROFESSION

COMMUNICATION: THIS EVER NEW OLD PROBLEM

Talking Points:

1. Human relations can safely be said to be a basic human neces sity. In most cases it is regarded as one of the social or spiritual needs of the individual. But how to communicate effectively?

2. The profession of a teacher obviously implies the ability to speak in public — to students, parents, etc. Do you think this ability is inborn or one can acquire it through training?

I. a) Read the following text about public speaking.

1. Aim of communicator must be clear. If you don't know where you are going, any road will lead there — so says an old saying. But in a world where there are many enticing side-paths — both to speaker and listen er, to writer and reader — we must be sure just what message we are taking to what people. What responses do we Want? The kind of mes sage шалфея transported makes a difference. There are messages of information, of persuasion, of suggested action and these are often combined.

2. There should be a clear picture of audience. Many communi cators ignore the background and educational level of prospective members of the audience. People are not a mass.

3. Communication should not be too long. Brevity is not only the soul of wit, it is also the essence of good communication. While prac tising, time your speech!

4. Reinforce the message. Every message that is read, listened to, or viewed has some value. But it is the reinforced message that will be remembered and acted upon.

A key idea must be repeated in varied settings, be exhibited from varied points of view, with different instruments of. communication. The old message in a new setting prevents boredom.

5. Since you must hold the attention of your listeners, it is also important that your speech be well organized, so that the listeners can follow the ideas very easily. After an interest-provoking introduc tion, the speaker may even give a short outline of his speech.

6. In speaking, as in writing an essay or composition, the most important requirement for success is to have something interesting that you want to say.

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7. For most people the best method is to speak from a clear out line, that contains key-words to keep the flow steady, but leaves the actual words of each sentence up to the speaker to form as he or she proceeds, guided by the outline.

8. It is very important to look at different people in the audience as you speak.

9. Some people use a formal style of speech, others prefer a more casual one. If you're formal, don't be stiff, if you're casual, don't slouch or wander.

10. Obviously, to succeed, a speaker must be easy to hear — be audible. Be sure to speak to the back row.

11. If you come to the end of the point and need to refer briefly to your notes, simply do it. You don't have to say "uh".

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