I. Study Substitution Table No. 1 and compose as many sentences as you can

II. Change the form of the verbs in the sentences from the active into the passive voice and add something to them to develop a situation:

1. We turn on the light when it's dark. 2. The students finished their translation in time. 3. Helen washed the dishes. 4. Betty often took Benny to the park. 5. Mother has made some coffee. 6. Have you ironed your dress yet? 7. Nina mispronounced the word. 8. We pronounce the consonant with aspiration. 9. We form the Present Perfect Tense with the help of the auxiliary verb 'to have'. 10. They told her the truth. 11. She promised me a book. 12. She's cooked the cake very well. 13. One uses chalk for writing on the blackboard. 14. I'll finish my work at about seven. 15. Someone has opened the door. 16. The waitress brought in the coffee. 17. One of my friends took me to the pictures last week. 18. They'll meet me at the station. 19. We shall finish this work in time. 20. They built the house in 1980. 21. They didn't invite me to the birthday party because they didn't know I was in Moscow. 22. I didn't leave the windows open. 23. They didn't turn off the light. 24. I have invited some friends to tea. 25. She's given me an English book. 26. Have you written the letter yet?

III. Change the form of the verbs in the sentences from the passive into the active voice. Add something to them to develop a situation. Think of new subjects in the sentences:

1. The light has not been switched off. 2. The boy was punished for something. 3. His work was finished by 3 o'clock. 4. The dictation was written without mistakes. 5. Who is the article written by? 6. Her dress was washed and ironed. 7. I was not invited to the party. 8. The work wasn't finished in time. 9. This house was built last year. 10. The letter has just been sent off. 11. This article will be translated. 12. When will this book be read? 13. The room was cleaned and aired. 14. Have all these books been read? 15. Who are these letters written by? 16. The letter's just been typed. 17. She showed me the article which had been translated by her brother. 18. I shan't be allowed to go there. 19. He's been told everything. 20. All the questions must be answered. (By you).

IV. Translate the following sentences into English:

1. Эта статья написана одним из наиболее известных английских журналистов. 2. Эта книга должна быть прочитана всеми студентами нашей группы. 3. Кем написана эта книга? 4. Статья должна быть переведена к 5 часам. 5. Он обещает, что перевод будет закончен вовремя. 6. Когда я пришла домой, стол был уже накрыт. 7. Их будут обучать английскому языку. 8. Когда экзамен был сдан, студенты пошли на стадион. 9. Когда будет написана ваша статья для стенной газеты? - Завтра. 10. Лаборатория речи посещается ежедневно всеми студентами. 11. Все эти книги взяты из библиотеки. 12. Диктант был сдан преподавателю после звонка. 13. Нам об этом ничего не сказали. 14. Студенты нашей группы всегда приглашаются на заседания клуба. 15. Она читала письмо, полученное от сына. 16. Это не могло быть сказано студентами. 17. Я думала, что хлеб и масло будут куплены сестрой. 18. Весной это поле будет покрыто зеленой травой и цветами. 19. Проверь, пожалуйста, выключены ли газ и электричество. 20. Уроки были приготовлены, книги и тетради уложены в портфель. 21. Письма были оставлены (забыты) на столе. 22. Мальчику не разрешили купаться в реке. 23. После обеда посуда была вымыта.

TEXT 1

A visit to Moscow

Last summer Mr. Wilson, his wife and their daughter Mary - tourists from England -- arrived in Moscow. It was their first visit to Russia and they wanted to see as much as possible.

Their guide showed them a lot of places of interest so that they could get a good idea of the Russian capital.

The Wilsons liked Moscow's straight and broad streets and avenues. They admired the centre of the city with its theatres, cinemas, museums, monuments, and wonderful multi-storeyed buildings. They were greatly impressed by the Moscow Kremlin, Red Square, Lenin Avenue, which is one of the longest and busiest streets in Moscow.

The Wilsons wanted to see Moscow University and the guide suggested their going there by metro. They liked the idea and joined a stream of people going downstairs into the metro. It seemed to them that nearly everyone in Moscow was in a hurry. Very few were satisfied to stand still and let the magical staircase carry them down to the platforms below. Most people went hurrying down on the left side. On and on ran the train through the tunnel and at every station people came in and out. The trip gave the Wilsons a good impression of Moscow's immense size.

When they came up into the daylight, they saw the magnificent building of the University which is situated on the Vorobyev Hills and from there they enjoyed a most beautiful view of the whole city.

They went for a ride in the city. The size and the beauty of the capital made a great impression on the family. The saw endless streams of buses, trolley-buses and cars in the streets, crowds of people walking along the pavements. They crossed the city in different directions but to their great surprise they saw the same thing everywhere: well planned streets lined with trees, multi-storeyed houses, big stores, hotels and beautiful squares. They saw no contrasts between the central part of the city and its suburbs so typical of big old towns.

The Wilsons went sightseeing every day of their stay in Moscow. And before their tour came to an end they had seen and learned a lot of interesting things about the capital and the country. They liked Moscow and the Muscovites who are so hospitable and friendly.

TEXT 2

Conversation

Stranger: Excuse me.

Resident: Yes?

Str.: I... I was wondering if you could help me.

R.: Well, I'll try.

Str.: I need to find out where the... er... town centre is. Now I see there is a sign up there that points to the left.

R.: Ah, well, let me see,... er... it all depends if you're on foot or going by car.

Str.: Ah, no, I'm walking.

R.: Ah well, you turn to the left and then carry straight on.

Str.: Ah, right, thanks! Er... I wonder if you could tell me... um... if there's a good hotel... er... in town that I can use.

R.: Oh, let me think a moment... um... yes, there are two hotels - they're in the High Street... er... one on each side of the road.

Str.: Right, well, I expect we'll manage to find one of those. Er, I wonder if you could tell me er... anything about the... er... castle in town... er... where... where it is.

R.: Um, well, it's actually further on... er... down the High Street and then you cross over the bridge and it's on the other side of the river,

Str.: I see, I see. Could you tell me a bit more about it? Is it worth visiting you think?

R.: I'm not really sure. I've never actually been there myself. I think it's one of the tourist attractions of the town.

Str.: I see, well, right, thank you, thank you.

Vocabulary notes

visit n посещение, визит, as a visit to a friend, a visit to the Crimea: visit vt посещать, навещать, е. g. They visited the Ivanovs on Sunday. Syn. attend vt посещать регулярно (лекции, собрания), as to attend lectures, meetings, classes

tourist n турист, путешественник; tour n путешествие, экскурсия, поездка; to make a tour of (some place) объехать, осмотреть, e. g. We made a tour of the new metro stations.

arrive vi прибывать, приезжать. Syn. come vi; to arrive in прибыть, приехать (в страну, в большой город), е. g. A large group of tourists from England arrived in Russia. We arrived in Moscow in the evening, to arrive at прибыть, приехать (в небольшой населенный пункт), е. g. She arrived at Abramtsevo. We arrived at the station to meet our friend, arrival n прибытие, приезд, е. g. I saw him on the day of his arrival.

place of interest достопримечательность

so that для того чтобы

idea n представление, идея, е. g. That's a good idea, let's visit Kiev in winter, to get an idea of smth. получать представление, e. g. I'd like to get an idea of his character, to give an idea дать общее представление, е. g. This book gives you a good idea of life in England.

straight adj прямой, as a straight line (street, road, etc.); straight adv прямо, as to stand straight; go (carry) straight on идите прямо

broad adj широкий; Syn. wide, e. g. We need broad roads now that there are so many motor-cars. Ant. narrow

avenue n проспект

impress vt производить впечатление, е. g. The book didn't impress me at all. impression n впечатление; to make an impression on smb. производить впечатление на кого-л., е. g. His speech made a great impression on the audience.

busy adj 1. занятый; to be busy (doing smth.) быть занятым, е. g. I was busy getting ready for the journey. 2. оживленный, беспокойный, суетливый, е. g. Tverskaya Street is one of the busiest streets in Moscow.

suggest vt предлагать, выдвигать идею, предложение. Syn. offer. The verb to suggest is never followed by an infinitive. The direct object following the verb to suggest may be expressed by a noun, a gerund or a clause.

offer vt предлагать. The direct object following the verb to offer may be exoressed by a noun or an infinitive.

satisfy vt удовлетворять; Ant. dissatisfy, e. g. The teacher was satisfied with the student's answer, satisfactory adj удовлетворительный; Ant. unsatisfactory, e. g. She got a satisfactory mark at the exam.

immense adj огромный, as immense distance, height; immensely adv чрезвычайно, очень, е. g. Our guests were surprised at the immense size of Moscow. Their trip was immensely interesting.

magnificent adj величественный, великолепный; Syn. splendid, excellent as a magnificent building (hotel, house)

to be situated быть расположенным, е. g. The village is situated on the bank of the river Volga.

crowd n толпа; crowded adj переполненный, битком набитый; overcrowded p. p., e. g. The bus was overcrowded.

cross vt пересекать, переходить (улицу), crossing n переход, e. g. Cross busy streets at crossings, (subway n подземный переход). across prp через, по ту сторону, е. g. There is a bridge across the river, to come across smth. случайно натолкнуться, е. g. I came across a very interesting phrase in the book, to cross out вычеркивать, e. g. Two of the words were crossed out.

direction n направление; in the direction of в направлении, e. g. I saw her walking in the direction of the Institute, direct adj прямой, as a direct line, direct speech, direct object

surprise vt удивлять, поражать, е. g. I was surprised to see the cat playing with the dog. to be surprised at smth. удивляться, e. g. I was surprised at seeing her there, surprise n удивление, е. g. To my great surprise his plan succeeded, in surprise с удивлением, e. g. The girl looked at us in surprise.

sights n pi достопримечательности, as to see the sights of Moscow; Syn. places of interest, e. g. They were shown a lot of places of interest during their tour, sightseeing n осмотр достопримечательностей; to go sightseeing осматривать достопримечательности

sign n знак, е. g. a traffic sign

manage vt справляться, успевать (в чём-л.), е. g. I didn't manage to go to the library today, I had no time.

castle n замок

attraction n привлекательность, е. g. The picture gallery is one of the greatest attractions of our town, attract vt привлекать, притягивать; to attract one's attention привлекать чье-л внимание

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