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Use the Past Indefinite or the Past Continuous instead of the infinitives in brackets
Note. Remember that when we want to express a period of time in the past, we usually use the Past Indefinite. The Past Continuous expresses an action going on at a definite moment in the past.
Models: We lived there for 10 years.
They waited for us for an hour.
1. We (to walk) in silence for a long time. Nobody (to want) to speak. 2. We (to walk) in silence when he suddenly (to ask) me if I (can) help him. 3. He (to wait) there for half an hour, but nobody (to come). 4. I just (to have) breakfast when the telephone (to ring). When I (to come) back to my coffee it (to be) almost cold. 5. I (to speak) to her several times, but she (to read) and (not to hear) me. 6. Ann (to drop) two cups while she (to wash) up last night, but neither of the cups (to break). 7. I (to walk) for a quarter of an hour and (to watch) what (to go on) around me: fast cars (to rush) in both directions, and ft (to be) impossible to cross the street. 8. The old man who (to sit) on the bench beside me (to keep) silent for some time. Then he (to ask) me if I (to know) him. 9. She (to teach) Russian for two years when she (to live) in France. 10. He (to remember) the day when he first (to go) to school. 11. We (to talk) about Jim when he (to run) into the room. 12. I (to stand) at the window for some time; the sun (to shine), and I (to decide) to go for a walk. 13. For a quarter of an hour or so he (to lie) motionless, he (can) not make himself get up. 14. Alison and Cassie (to talk) on the staircase as I went down.
115. Translate the following sentences using the Fast Indefinite or the Past Continuous:
1. Когда я пришла, они обедали. 2. Когда мы катались на лыжах, начал идти снег. 3. Когда ты закончила школу? - 1977 году. 4. В тот день у нас было много работы, так как вечером мы уезжали. 5. Сколько времени ты вчера занималась? -Я занималась 3 часа. 6. Мы познакомились, когда сдавали вступительные экзамены. 7. Вчера он был занят весь вечер, он чинил телевизор. 8. Он вошел в комнату, поздоровался со всеми и сел у окна. 9. До войны наша семья жила в Туле. Мы прожили там 6 лет. 10. Было известно, что делегация прибывает на следующее утро. 11. Я целый месяц гостила у своей подруги в Крыму. 12. Во вторник я два часа работала в лаборатории. 13. Они сказали, что уезжают из Москвы. 14. Она долго сидела на крыльце с письмом в руках. 15. Когда часы пробили одиннадцать, он все еще работал. 16. Он не замечал, что происходит вокруг. 17. По вечерам он имел обыкновение читать вслух своему сынишке. 18. Он сказал мне, что скоро уезжает из Лондона. 19. Я ждал там около часа. 20. Мой отец работал на том заводе 20 лет.
116. Change the following sentences into indirect speech:
1. He asked angrily, "Why are you smiling to yourself and don't answer my questions at once?" 2. The girl said, "I am thinking of the summer spent in the Crimea." 3. She said to Nick, "When are you going to visit them?" "I have no time," replied Nick. 4. Mary said, "I'm making a new dress, I want to wear it at our party." 5. Ann said, "We are thinking of going out." 6. The teacher asked, "Are you listening carefully, John?" 7. She asked him, "Is Robert coming tomorrow?" 8. I said, "Is John studying for an examination now?" 9. Father said, "Mary is doing her morning exercises, I don't want to disturb her." 10. Mother said, "You are forgetting your manners, John."
117. Use the proper article:
1. Did you finish... school... last year? 2.... examiner has already come. 3. What was your mark in... History? 4. He has made... great progress since... beginning of... term. 5. It is easy for... child to study... foreign language. 6. Where is... money? - It is on... table. 7.... boy is good at... Mathematics,... Physics and... Chemistry, but his knowledge of... Literature and... English is rather poor. 8. What... fine weather we are having today! 9. At last he found... very interesting work. 10.... news he brought yesterday is very important. 11. What... clever advice! 12.... Phonetics is... branch of... Linguistics. 13. If you want to speak without... mistakes you must study... Grammar hard. 14. What is... news? 15.... exercise 12 must be done in... written form. 16. Do you often work in... laboratory? 17. She attends... course of... lectures on... Russian Literature at... University. 18. I am not interested in... Chemistry. 19. Her subject is... History of... Art. 20. It was clear she had... good news. 21.... advice is good but I cannot follow it.
118. Comment on the use of tenses in the following examples and translate them into Russian:
1. Every evening the young fisherman went out upon the sea and threw his nets into the water. 2. Stanley got up looking for his stick. "Have you, children, been playing with my stick?" 3. Fleur does what she likes. 4. He liked music but the piece she was playing had no melody for him. 5. This is getting interesting. 6. How long have you been married? 7. Don't you know that Mrs. Greenfield has left us? She's gone to London. 8. He has been studying at the University for 6 years. 9. She looked at it for some time and slowly a little frown crept between her brows. 10. I am always telling Jerry that his uncle means more to him than his own parents. 11. I am starting again. A new life begins from today. 12. "It's a pity you interrupted us," said Nora. "We were having an interesting conversation." 13. At that moment the telephone bell rang. Rosanna took up the receiver and listened. 14. I was still thinking of it when I came face to face with Roger.
119. Use the required tense (Present and Past Indefinite, Present and Past Continuous, Present Perfect and Present Perfect Continuous):
1. She (to go) to Italy five years ago. Since then she (not to speak) Italian, and (to forget) nearly all she (to learn) there. 2. When he (to run) after the tram, he (to fall) and (to hurt) his leg. We (to have) to carry him home. Now he (to lie) in bed. The doctor just (to leave). The doctor (to say) he must stay in bed for a week. 3. He (to look) through my album when I (to enter). "You (to like) my sketches?" I (to ask) him. "They (not to be) very good." 4. What you (to look) for? - I (to lose) my pen and (to want) to find it before it (to get) dark. - When you (to lose) it? - I (to think) I (to drop) it somewhere here when I (to go) to the Institute this afternoon. 5. My friend Robert (to learn) French for the last three years, and now he (to study) German, too. 6. You (to speak) to Ann yesterday? - No, I (not to see) her for a long time. I (not to remember) when I last (to see) her. 7. My brother (to study) modern English literature for two years and then (to give) it up. 8. I (to look) at this photograph for five minutes, but I can't see you in it. - I'm afraid you (to look) at the wrong one. 9. You must stop reading; you have a headache because you (to read) too long! 10. My elder brother (to join) the army when he (to be) eighteen. 11. They (to live) in that town for ten years and then (to move) to the country. 12. We (to live) here for the last six months, and just (to decide) to move. 13. He (to write) a new play for the last two years, but he (not to finish) it yet.
To Lesson 15
120. Insert the missing conjunctions and comment on the use of tenses in the following sentences. (Conjunctions to be used: when, till, before, after, as soon as, while, if):
1. I shall believe it... I see it. 2. You must wait... the light changes to green. 3. I shall be ready... you count ten. 4. He will ring up for the taxi... you finish packing. 5. I shall tell you a secret... my brother goes out. 6. We shall be starting immediately... you finish your dinner. 7. I don't think he will write... he arrives. 8. I shall always remember you... I live. 9. I shall be preparing breakfast... you are taking a shower. 10. I shall put on my raincoat... it starts to rain. 11. He'll tell you... you ask him. 12.... you stay in the reading-hall I'll be working in the laboratory. 13. He will stay here... you come. 14.... they show me their homework, I will correct it.
121. Translate what is given in brackets using the Present Indefinite or the Future Indefinite:
1. You will enjoy yourself if you (поедете на Кавказ). 2. Ask him if he (поедет на Кавказ). 3. We shan't be able to go out if (будет сильный дождь). 4. They say (собирается дождь); the clouds are gathering. 5. I don't know when he (придет); the weather is so nasty. 6. Tell him to wait when he (придет). I may be late. 7. Tell Mother we (не скоро вернемся), it's much too far away. 8. Tell Mother not to worry if we (не скоро вернемся); it's much too far away. 9. I'll talk to him about it if I (увижу его сегодня). 10. I'm not sure if I (увижу его сегодня). 11. She will take the children out for a walk if she (окончит работу раньше). 12. I don't know if she (окончит работу раньше); she has got a lot to do. 13. The rain won't do him any harm if he (наденет плащ). 14. Ask him if he (наденет плащ); it looks like rain.
122. Complete the following sentences using the Present Indefinite or the Future Indefinite:
1. If you travel by car to the Crimea.... 2. I should like to accompany you in case.... 3. If the weather remains fine.... 4. We shall wait till.... 5. I should like to know when.... 6. Don't go away before.... 7. Tell me when.... 8. The rain will soak us to the skin unless.... 9. He is clever enough to understand what you want if.... 10. If it looks like rain.... 11. I am not quite sure if.... 12. I understand you are going to stay at home till.... 13. Please, ring me up as soon as.... 14. We'd better stay at home if.... 15. You may go skating after.... 16. Don't forget to remind him tomorrow in case.... 17. We'll remain here and wait for you until.... 18. He must join us tomorrow; ask him when.... 19. I'm afraid I shan't be able to join you before.... 20. She promised to come tonight. Please try to find out if....
123. Translate into English using you (we) had better + Infinitive:
1. Вам бы лучше остаться дома; сейчас польет дождь. 2. Тебе бы лучше туда одной не ходить. 3. Нам бы лучше отложить эту работу до завтра. 4. Вам бы лучше пойти к нам, чем оставаться одному. 5. Тебе бы лучше надеть плащ. 6. Тебе бы лучше подождать Джона и пойти вместе с ним. 7. Нам бы лучше не говорить об этом Ане, она рассердится. 8. Ты бы лучше мне сказала, куда мы идем. 9. Ты бы лучше мне объяснила, почему он рассердится, если я расскажу ему правду. 10. Вам бы лучше послать им телеграмму, если вы хотите, чтобы они поскорее приехали. 11. Нам бы лучше поговорить с ним. Он приятный человек, он нам поможет. 12. Вам бы лучше пойти и поговорить с ним сейчас же, если он еще не ушел.
124. Replace the Future Indefinite by to be going to.
Note. to be going to+ Infinitive refers an action to the near future; it has the meaning of intention or certainty.
1. I'll travel by car this summer. 2. We'll have a test on the use of tenses on Monday. 3. The Parkers will have a picnic lunch in the country on Sunday. 4. Ann will practise the piano all the morning. 5. There will be a storm soon, look at those clouds. 6. They say she'll be married this autumn. 7. I got wet through in yesterday's rain, I think I shall have a cold. 8. She'll clean the flat on Saturday. 9. What will you do when you finish school? 10. We'll see them all in September when they come from the country. 11. Do you like the song? I'll sing it again this evening. 12. What will you do after classes today? 13. I'll take my last exam next Monday. 14. The article isn't very long; he will translate it tonight. 15. My friend is leaving tomorrow. She says she'll write to me every week.
125. Use the proper article. Pay attention to the use of the article with the names of seasons:
1.... winter was bitterly cold. 2. It was... early autumn. 3.... summer is my favourite season. 4. October is... rainy month. 5. There are many wonderful verses about... winter. 6. In... spring... days become longer and... nights grow shorter. 7.... children have... long vacations in... summer and... short vacations in... winter and... spring. 8.... summer is... good time for sports. 9. It is pleasant to go to... country on... hot day in... summer. 10. It was... cold rainy autumn. 11. What is... weather like in Siberia in... winter? 12.... Russian winter is famous for its frosts. 13. Look at... sky. It is covered with... dark clouds. 14. When it is... winter in one part of our country it is already... summer in another.
126. Translate the following sentences into English:
1. Стояла поздняя осень. 2. Зима 1941 года была очень суровой. 3. Летом мы всегда живем на даче, а зимой - в городе. 4. Наступила весна. Ярко светит солнце. 5, Пушкин очень любил осень. 6. Какая сегодня великолепная погода! Настоящая весна. 7. Я люблю бывать за городом ранней весной. 8. Лето было очень жаркое, и все стремились уехать из города. 9. Иногда осенью бывает очень хорошая погода. 10. Было холодное, дождливое лето.
127. Put the adverbs given in brackets in their proper place:
1. Does she wear this hat (always)? 2. Have you seen him (today, anywhere)? 3. It rains in this part of the country (seldom). 4. Have you seen such a vast forest (before, ever)? 5. Will you be working if I come at four (still)? 6. Do you go (there sometimes)? 7. He, as usual, was working (at night, late). 8. She spoke the last words (out loud). 9. We are waiting for you. Aren't you ready (still, yet)? 10. He gets up at seven. Has he got up (already, usually)? 11. You can be sure how to behave in her presence (never). 12. You must speak like that to your mother (never). 13. Can she do it (easily)? 14. Have you met him (before, here, ever)? 15. Let's go together (tonight, there). 16. She keeps us waiting a long time (seldom). 17. She doesn't take sugar in her tea (usually). 18. I made spelling mistakes when I was at school (generally) 19. The train arrived (yesterday, late). 20. The students of our faculty are very busy (generally).
128. Use the proper article:
... boy who had always lived in... country and who had never heard of... animals that live in other lands came one day to... town where there was... wild-beast show.... elephant attracted his attention, and he was particularly struck by... animal very much like... cat, but considerably larger, with... spotted skin and of... guiet and peaceful appearance. Near... cage, containing this beautiful animal, was another of much less attractive appearance with two humps on its back and with... long ugly neck. "What is... name of that pretty animal which you have placed next to this other ugly one?" asked... boy of... attendant. "That animal which you admire so much," he replied, "is... leopard, and is one of... most dangerous of all wild beasts."
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